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                <text>Dating from 1955, Saskatchewan’s Golden Jubilee, this book was produced by the Saskatchewan Homemakers’ Clubs. Founded in 1911 under the parentage of the University of Saskatchewan’s Extension Division, the organization was a key part of the province’s farm women movement (University of Saskatchewan Archives). Homemakers’ Clubs focused on education in domestic skills, as well as activist causes like improved health care for rural women. They were also affiliated with the Federated Women’s Institutes of Canada and the Associated Countrywomen of the World. They were replaced by the Saskatchewan Women’s Institutes in 1972 (Taylor). Handwritten and spiral-bound, the book was truly a collective community effort, with little editing aside from arrangement. Contributing clubs providing their own recipes and illustrations, which were not necessarily culturally accurate or appropriate, as with the recipe for “American Chop Suey,” featuring macaroni and a stereotyped portrait of an Asian man. But the recipes and illustrations reflected Prairie surroundings as well, as evident in the brands decorating the “Cowboy Casserole” recipe, or the sketch of a chicken on another page (although the recipe it accompanies uses only canned chicken soup).</text>
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                <text>This provincial curriculum book, issued by the Saskatchewan government, was renamed &lt;em&gt;Recipes for Home Economics Classes&lt;/em&gt; by 1926, anticipating the University of Saskatchewan&amp;rsquo;s College of Household Science&amp;rsquo;s similar change to the College of Home Economics in 1952 (&amp;ldquo;History of Household&amp;rdquo;). With the scientific aspect already well established, &amp;ldquo;Home Economics&amp;rdquo; may have suggested a more business-like approach to domestic life and an expansion beyond nutritional facts to include social information as well. The inscription indicates that the book belonged to Agnes Janzen, probably a Saskatchewan high school student. This textbook also reflects the well-established partnership of cookery and sewing in home economics classes: students are instructed in making an appropriate uniform for their class, including a towel, potholder, and floppy chef&amp;rsquo;s hat. The recipes take a clearly pedagogical approach, beginning with simple beverages and advancing to more complex dishes. In keeping with late-nineteenth&amp;ndash; and early twentieth-century household science&amp;rsquo;s advances in deconstructing work patterns, this book breaks cooking and dishwashing, for example, into a list of instructions to be followed.</text>
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                <text>Printed by the Calgary-based Western Printing &amp;amp; Lithographing Co., this particular edition is not included in Elizabeth Driver&amp;rsquo;s &lt;em&gt;Culinary Landmarks&lt;/em&gt;; other 1915 editions were printed by S.A. Hynd Litho-Print Ltd. of Calgary (1043&amp;ndash;44). P. Burns and Co. was established by Patrick Burns in Calgary in 1890, soon expanding to Edmonton and Vancouver as well. After the scandal of Upton Sinclair&amp;rsquo;s meat-packing expos&amp;eacute; &lt;em&gt;The Jungle&lt;/em&gt; (1906), this small cookbook emphasized the nutritional and sanitary quality of the Burns plants, particularly the &amp;ldquo;mammoth Calgary Packing-house,&amp;rdquo; open for inspection by consumers&amp;rsquo; leagues and domestic science classes. It also points out that &amp;ldquo;The utmost care is taken in making our sausage&amp;mdash;the kitchen is a model of cleanliness&amp;mdash;all meat is Government Inspected meat.&amp;rdquo; Burns also ran a chain of retail stores, selling the Shamrock prestige brand, which encompassed meat, lard, butter, and eggs; Glendale Brand Fancy Creamery Butter; and Dominion brand, a lower-priced alternative. The recipe for &amp;ldquo;Escalloped Salmon&amp;rdquo; indicates that Burns also sold fish. While many of the recipes emphasize pork, Burns and Co. also declared that &amp;ldquo;The good red beef of Alberta&amp;mdash;first cousin to &amp;lsquo;the Rare Roast Beef of Old England,&amp;rsquo; is, after all, our great specialty.&amp;rdquo; This book followed traditional household manuals by including pithy and edifying quotes running across the top of the page. Another World War I-era &lt;em&gt;Shamrock Cook Book&lt;/em&gt; featured two Irish characters, the tall and thin Shamrock, and short and stout Weaney (Driver, &amp;ldquo;Canadian Cookbooks&amp;rdquo; 34). Unfortunately this was their only appearance.</text>
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