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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This artists' book was created by American artist &lt;a href="https://youtu.be/0xboX5cvIzw" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Ed Ruscha&lt;/a&gt;. During the 1960s and 1970s, Ruscha created a series of photographic books featuring banal subject matter such as interstate gas stations, empty swimming pools, and vacant parking lots. Informed by the principles of&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cncp/hd_cncp.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;conceptual art&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;, which privileged ideas over aesthetics, Ruscha’s work points towards photographs' ubiquity within twentieth-century visual culture as carriers of information rather than as aesthetic objects. By taking banal informational images and inserting them into contexts such as the art gallery and the art book, Ruscha prompts us to consider how such photographs can become art. With its repetitive structure and mundane subject matter, &lt;em&gt;Every Building on the Sunset Strip&lt;/em&gt; is closely related to the NE Thing Co's &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3140"&gt;Portfolio of Piles&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bruce Peel Special Collections houses six of Ruscha's photographic books including &lt;a href="https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/objects/13606" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Every Building on the Sunset Strip&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (featured here), &lt;a href="https://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/187.2015.a-ii/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;A Few Palm Trees&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/430.2008.a-ii/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thirtyfour Parking Lots in Los Angeles&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/433.2008.a-bb/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Real Estate Opportunities&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Sandow’s guide is richly illustrated with photographs, reproduced by the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3044"&gt;halftone process&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;and supplemented&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;with engravings that contribute additional meanings. For example, notice how the two different media on pages 28 and 29 complement each other by making an implicit connection between the idealized nudes of classical sculpture and Sandow’s living&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;body, with Sandow’s active&amp;nbsp;body clearly superseding the inert stones portrayed in the engraving. These connections continue throughout the book, with Sandow striking poses borrowed from classical sculpture. &lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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                <text>&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This album of photographs by Czech photographer, filmmaker, and ethnographer Karel Plicka offers a portrait of the people of Czechoslovakia in twenty pictures. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The impulse to document a culture through photographs is related to other anthropological and &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/circulate-knowledge/1900-to-1969"&gt;documentary practices&lt;/a&gt; of the early-twentieth century, such as German photographer &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;August Sander’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/sander/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;People of the Twentieth Century&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; and American photographer &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Edward Curtis’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3155"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;The North American Indian&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;. Each of these photographic projects aim to circulate knowledge about the people and cultures they represent, yet they do so through the dominant artistic styles and ideologies of their time. Here, Plicka views the people of Czechoslovakia through a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://archive.artic.edu/stieglitz/pictorialism/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Pictorialist&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; lens.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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38.5 x 30.5 cm&#13;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This lavish and unique five-volume photograph album records a hunting trip to the Canadian Rockies in 1916-17. Each photograph in the album is hand-tinted with watercolours and mounted on its own page. The album's large and heavy pages provide a generous frame for each picture, creating a setting that would be appropriate for an original work of art.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;The album belonged to Cleveland millionaire &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/915" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Kenyon Vickers Painter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.baxleystamps.com/litho/ogawa/ogawa_tokaido.shtml" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Sights and Scenes on the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Tōkaidō &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;recalls the nineteenth-century British photographer John Thomson’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://beinecke.library.yale.edu/collections/highlights/john-thomsons-illustrations-china-and-its-people-1873-1874" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Illustrations of China and Its People&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;. However, here the pictures were taken by a Japanese photographer, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/artists/1432/kazumasa-ogawa-japanese-1860-1929/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Kazumasa &lt;/span&gt;Ogawa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;, who recorded features of his own home&amp;nbsp;land and culture.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>[1912]&#13;
25.4 x 17.5 cm&#13;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This album of photographs from the Lethbridge Brewing and Malting Company likely dates from between 1905 (when the Alberta Brewery, founded in 1901, was renamed the Lethbridge Brewing and Malting Co) and 1918 (when the name was changed to Lethbridge Breweries Limited).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;The photographs document the interior of the factory, and are reminiscent of &lt;a href="https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/constituents/lewis-wickes-hine?all/all/all/all/0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Lewis Hine&lt;/a&gt;'s photographs of industrial labour. Though perhaps best known for his photographs documenting child labour while he worked for the &lt;a href="https://www.loc.gov/collections/national-child-labor-committee/about-this-collection/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;National Child Labor Committee&lt;/a&gt; from 1908 to 1924, Hine also photographed adult labour, and some of his photographs heroize labourers&lt;/span&gt;—&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;such as his series of the &lt;a href="https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/photographs-of-the-empire-state-building-under-construction#/?tab=about" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Empire State Building under construction&lt;/a&gt; from 1931 and his 1920 &lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/265184" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;photograph of a steamfitter&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This album is from the &lt;a href="https://bpsc.library.ualberta.ca/collections/prairie-ephemera" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Prairie Ephemera Collection&lt;/a&gt; housed in Bruce Peel Special Collections.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Moon: Considered as a Planet, a World, and a Satellite&lt;/em&gt; by British scientists James Nasmyth and James Carpenter raises questions about the role that photographs play in circulating knowledge. The book’s photographs offer a likeness of the moon, and circulated knowledge about the moon’s surface, but what the pictures record was not the moon at all. Based on observations through the telescope, Nasmyth and Carpenter created plaster models of the moon’s surface and then photographed the models under precise lighting conditions. The results are certainly photographic, recording an &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/what-is-photography"&gt;indexical&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; relationship to their subjects, but, to what extent do they deliver the type of truthful image that we commonly expect of photographic images?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;The photographs included in the volume were created by the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOqsaCu-_yw&amp;amp;feature=emb_title" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Woodburytype process&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;, which records a wider range of tones than many other photomechanical processes. A full scan of Nasmyth and Carpenter's &lt;em&gt;The Moon&lt;/em&gt; is available through the &lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/moonconsideredas00nasmiala" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Astronomical photography &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;has changed dramatically since the nineteenth century. To see more recent examples, explore the &lt;a href="https://images.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;NASA Image and Video Library&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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