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                <text>Portrait of a Baseball Player</text>
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                <text>[1931]&#13;
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                <text>&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This portrait of a baseball player from Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, reminds us of the continued value of professional photography in the &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/memory-and-identity/1900-to-1969/snapshot-albums"&gt;Kodak era&lt;/a&gt;. This portrait came with a special frame that protected the picture when it was tucked away and folded back to proudly display the photograph.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>This album, with its &lt;a href="https://bindings.lib.ua.edu/gallery/artnouveau.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Art Nouveau&lt;/a&gt; cover design and faded photographs, was created during World War I. Given the presence of men in uniform on the album's pages, it is likely that the album belonged to a soldier. The album's casual snapshots suggest that they were made by someone who was less interested in aesthetics than in recording a moment in time. Notice, for example, the dark shape (possibly a finger in front of the lens) that sneaks into the scene at the top left of one of the photographs and the casual approach to composition that marks many of the images. For comparison, consider this album alongside the &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3135"&gt;Album with Pressed Flowers&lt;/a&gt;, with its careful compositions and even horizon lines.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This portrait of Mrs Morrow provides an example of one of the first successful photographic technologies: the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://blog.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk/find-out-when-a-photo-was-taken-identify-daguerreotype-photography/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;daguerreotype&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;. The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPkJicTLonA&amp;amp;list=PLH_FfjHEuvR5U0Ur8rB35fezQ1yZkShMk&amp;amp;index=3" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;daguerreotype process&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;created a single positive image on a metal plate&lt;/span&gt;—meaning that there was &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;no negative and no possibility for further reproduction. A &lt;/span&gt;daguerreotype&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; is a unique and precious material object, and therefore quite different from the technologies of photography that we know today.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Daguerreotype exposures took a long time, with the precise amount of time depending on the available light. Sitting for a photograph was an arduous process, as the &lt;a href="https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/55519" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;French caricaturist Honoré Daumier has shown&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;which is why it is rare to find smiling faces in early photographs.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;A print published in December 1839 in Paris entitled “&lt;a href="https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/46529/theodore-maurisset-la-daguerreotypomanie-daguerreotypomania-french-december-1839/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;La Daguerreotypomanie&lt;/a&gt;” (Daguerreotypomania)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; dramatizes the excitement that ensued following the announcement of Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre and his partner Nicéphore Niépce’s discovery. The artist, Théodore Maurisset, visualizes streams of people lining up to get their portraits taken. The excitement surrounding the daguerreotype stemmed at least in part from its accessibility in comparison to painted portraits.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Mrs Morrow might never have expected to have her portrait painted in her lifetime. We do not know who she was, but that her likeness survives into the present offers proof that her identity was important to someone, and worth preserving. To consider how the possibility of creating photographic portraits shaped memory and identity, compare this &lt;/span&gt;portrait&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; of Mrs Morrow to &lt;/span&gt;chromolithographic portraits&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;of the &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3032"&gt;Emperor and Princess of Prussia&lt;/a&gt;, published in 1855.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Another photographic process was developed around the same time as the &lt;/span&gt;daguerreotype&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; by &lt;a href="https://www.sfmoma.org/watch/sun-pictures-henry-fox-talbot-and-first-photographs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;William Henry Fox Talbot&lt;/a&gt; in Britain. The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2zXypdzB8A&amp;amp;list=PLH_FfjHEuvR5U0Ur8rB35fezQ1yZkShMk&amp;amp;index=3" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;calotype&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; did produce a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://kodakdigitizing.com/blogs/news/history-of-negative-photography" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;negative&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;, and therefore had the potential to create endless copies, but the resulting image was not as clear as that of the &lt;/span&gt;daguerreotype&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;. To compare the &lt;/span&gt;daguerreotype&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; to the &lt;/span&gt;calotype&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;, consider Mrs Morrow’s portrait side by side with the work of Scottish photographers &lt;a href="https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/features/hill-adamson" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;David Octavius Hill and Robert Adamson&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Glimpses of Winnipeg</text>
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                <text>This souvenir book from Winnipeg provides a good example of the &lt;a href="https://archive.artic.edu/stieglitz/photogravure/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;photogravure process&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>This deck of playing cards acts as both a souvenir and an advertisement for the White Pass and Yukon route. Each card features a different picture.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Photographies</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Family Album</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1995&#13;
21.5 x 14.2 cm&#13;
N 7433.4 M52 A6 F36 1995</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://lisemelhornboe.ca/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Lise Melhorn-Boe&lt;/a&gt; is a visual artist who creates unique sculptural works in the form of books. This example, titled &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Family Album&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;, pairs photographs of young girls posing nicely for the camera with texts that describe what it means to be a “good girl.” These productive pairings of text and image lay bare familial and societal expectations for young women, but they also interrogate the conventions of the family album, which usually features smiling, well-behaved faces without any mention of the discipline or pressures that occur behind the scenes of the images.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Family Album &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;was created in 1995, but the original photographs on which the work is based belong to an earlier moment in the history of photography, and are comparable to the &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/memory-and-identity/1900-to-1969/snapshot-albums"&gt;snapshot albums&lt;/a&gt; in the exhibition. But instead of existing as precious keepsakes&lt;/span&gt;—as snapshots would within a typical album—here the photographs are&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;reproduced by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.npr.org/2013/10/23/239241106/happy-birthday-copy-machine-happy-birthday-copy-machine" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;photocopy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;, a method that is quick and cheap, and that does not provide a lot of variation of tone. The appearance of the pictures on the page make them clearly readable &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;as photocopies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;, bringing to mind Xerox machines and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://ago.ca/agoinsider/what-zine" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;zine culture&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; rather than treasured family heirlooms, further disrupting our expectations for the family album. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;The book’s handmade, cotton paper cover is bubblegum pink, offering a further sign of the codes of femininity that are examined in the album.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Family Album &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;is worth considering in relation to British artist Jo Spence’s work, such as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.macba.cat/en/art-artists/artists/spence-jo/beyond-family-album" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Beyond the Family Album&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; (1978-79), which calls attention to the traumas and difficulties of everyday life that are frequently elided from photographic memories. Additional examples of of Melhorn-Boe's work are featured in the Bruce Peel Special Collections online exhibition &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/womenartistsbooks/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Canadian Women Artists' Books&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Lise Melhorn-Boe (artist)</text>
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