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Title A name given to the resource How We Are Fed Description An account of the resource This reader, employed as a textbook in Alberta schools in the 1920s (“Alberta School”), creatively approaches geography lessons through the accessible medium of food. The author, James Chamberlain, writes, “The natural connecting link between the immediate surroundings and the outside world is the present daily life of the home,” a truism in a period when new modes of transportation made for faster and less expensive global trade. The Canadian reader might learn about the structures of communities and nations and the interdependence of individuals through topics as diverse as market gardening, fishing, rice, sugar, pasta, coffee and tea plantations, coconut and banana trees, dates, oranges, and nuts. Priorities and judgements of the period are clear in the book’s celebration of the scientific division of labour, as well as its separation of the “civilized” from the “uncivilized.” The discussion of restaurants is another reminder of an urbanizing landscape. This copy may have been used by a German-speaking student: she glosses “curdle” as gerinnen and translates “whey” as molke on the following page. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource James Franklin Chamberlain Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1923 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/2ab6131324aaa5728026761be35bf43a.jpg b64258aa1c970784bc17cc70d1c8aa39 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. 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Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1213 Width 776 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Das neue Nordwesten Kochbuch Description An account of the resource Dedicated to the German-Canadian housewife, this book bridges the gap between immigrant families and English-speaking Canadian society. The “Deutsch–englisches Wörter-Verzeichnis” (German–English Glossary) at the end of the book may have been especially helpful for items that the housewife might wish to order from the grocer. Despite being written in German, the book has an international flavour, with Russian, Italian, and even Chinese-inspired recipes. Though bears survive in only small numbers in Europe, and had not been spotted in Germany since the 1830s (Handwerk), “Roast Leg of Bear” appears in the cookbook—perhaps a nod to the Canadian wilderness? Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Publisher Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/59e1e1c8c0b72c51d07c309aabef75b9.jpg 62a82df007b72789cece00469ef4a97e Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. 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Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1216 Width 1494 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peas in the Diet Description An account of the resource Elizabeth Driver notes that this booklet must date from at least 1928, when the Border Canning Company of British Columbia opened a new plant in Edmonton (Culinary 1114). A thousand acres of land were leased and seeded to supply the new plant, which produced Royal City brand peas, a label for which is tucked into the cover of the book. The text emphasizes the freshness and quality of the Royal City peas, as well as their vitamin content, which the commercial canning process, the company declared, preserved better than the home process. The specification of different sizes and qualities of peas and the statement that “the Canadian label law protects the consumer” point to relatively new developments in Canadian food legislation. While the first food grading in Canada was the Canada Fruit Marks Act in 1901 (Ferguson and Fraser 5), federal regulations in early 1928 established the size and quality grading seen here (“Regulations”). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Broder Canning Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1928?] https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/c1f1f535463bf7f320b92fb48e2859c6.jpg cd55006e46e0a9bdfaa13bf55129ce56 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1078 Width 1622 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/4edbe72eb6bbe5a6341d18b4664bf270.jpg 6c88ee0698a8ce740d2a1d3180edcc55 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1076 Width 1621 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/b4d149a21ac16d25ad57be92dab45ab9.jpg fe9c32f02f242698508b63eec1790109 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1141 Width 1653 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Taylor's Calendar Cook Book Description An account of the resource Borrowed from an American almanac template and distributed to pharmacists across the continent, including Pingle’s in Medicine Hat and Tuthill’s in Toronto (Driver, Culinary 432), this book includes “Terms Used in French Menus Explained for the Benefit of the American Hostess,” astrological information, and a table of weights and measures for cooks not possessing a full complement of measuring cups or a kitchen scale. The link between pharmacists and cooks was not unusual: prior to the eighteenth century, foods were often understood in reference to the humoral system, and the suggestions of watermelon for epilepsy, figs for cancer, and peanuts for indigestion could easily have appeared in an earlier materia medica (e.g., Cullen) or medical text. Similarly, many pharmacists would carry spices and extracts, and some even mixed their own chemical leaveners (see “Improved,” for example). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Red Cross Pharmacy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1904 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/a0cb107f725914635187dc8b8ac17b2d.jpg a07b5a2820328911e6724b5628886617 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1288 Width 838 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/ba0927d131e13c0482a678438085b157.jpg cb7ca3433012b540d8936ac42da6390e Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1288 Width 1643 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/71e601db4e1a12d0a843c06813c81f9a.jpg 14e5be12b71f462473d5c2791286364f Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1288 Width 1626 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Trail Blazers: The Story of Burns & Co. Limited Description An account of the resource P. Burns and Co. was a large Prairie abattoir and packing-plant company. Established by Pat Burns in 1890 in Calgary, the company soon expanded to Vancouver and Edmonton, and changed its name to Burns and Co. in 1923. Though Burns and Co. specialized in meats and related products, their manufactures also included fruit, cheese, dairy, eggs, and animal feed. This brochure emphasizes that the products were made under the highest scientific standards, an important fact given chronic public skepticism about sanitation in packing plants. However, the brochure sidesteps questions about the workers, including the “girls” (in 1945, thirty per cent of packing-house employees were women [Chambers 10]) who test the eggs sent overseas to war-torn Britain. Edmonton packing workers set up an early union in 1937, but packing-house workers’ right to organize was not recognized until 1944, after the United Packinghouse Workers of America expanded to Canada (Chambers 7–8). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Burns and Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1942?] https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/6e166b5182a43b372ebf488dd9b6ba6a.jpg 48a93c4fcc1feec870c418243230c94d Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 5463 Width 3584 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/fe40a0ca08048c3d5aa8e30dfda1dcf8.jpg b707819495a37d17768268ccd82c10bb Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 2616 Width 1649 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rural School Lunches Description An account of the resource This book is a relic from a program to introduce hot lunch items in rural schools. The introduction notes that most children brought a cold lunch to school and ate it haphazardly throughout the day. “The average noon luncheon tends to promote disorder, indigestion, and general discomfort. ... [A]t present the usual way of taking food is a real menace to the manners, health and morals of the children.” Providing a hot lunch item, however, would educate children in proper food preparation and consumption. Students would bring their lunches every day as usual, while the teacher would prepare a hot dish as a demonstration to the class; for the remainder of the week, rotating committees of children would prepare the item as a supplement to the students’ normal meals. “This,” the author enthused, “adds greatly to the digestibility of the lunch and to the nutritive value of the food. It also tends to make school a more interesting place and a greater agency for the socialization of the child. This means that the child’s body is more comfortable and in better condition to resist cold and disease.” Recommended dishes included cocoa, cream soups, mashed potatoes, creamed vegetables, creamed fish, and welsh or tomato rarebit. The white sauce table featured here is standard in cookbooks from this period. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alberta Department of Education Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alberta Government Library Collection. With permission from the Government of Alberta. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/17bc712ab829612760f43125053e6ff6.jpg 1e7904a3145c57a8ef8ccb0a0d1231b8 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 873 Width 2577 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/01ad1f45955b1cd9ae62b9dd515fc2e6.jpg b3be506f6668c71e53bb52ef3bb4be32 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 876 Width 2580 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/a26454130873265924cc14172c97fea8.jpg fbeb7c96fdcdf77dbae45c551786604d Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 877 Width 2579 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bread Book Description An account of the resource As immigration to the Prairies exploded in the first decade of the twentieth century, railway companies like the CPR, CNR, and Grand Trunk Pacific competed to bring prospective farmers to Western Canada. This brochure, cleverly shaped like a breadbox, illustrates how the companies used food as a motive for immigration. Quick-maturing crops and new dryland farming techniques made agriculture more viable in the West, and food in the form of both crops and livestock was the farm’s key economic driver. The brochure boasted of yields as high as 124 bushels of oats per acre and 55 bushels of wheat per acre. On the domestic scale gardening also improved the farmer’s quality of life. The brochure’s evocative images of grain in the Prairie sun, the Swift Canadian plant alongside the Grand Trunk Pacific tracks, and root vegetables and strawberries harvested from “the great garden of the west” encouraged farmers to come to Alberta and Saskatchewan to nourish both their bodies and their bank accounts. Clearly targeting American, Canadian, and British citizens after the closing of the American frontier, the brochures are also subtly xenophobic: most of the testimonial writers have Anglo-Saxon names, and one even comments that “The settlers in this vicinity [Battle River, AB] are nearly all Canadians and Americans and a better class of farmers would be hard to find anywhere” (15). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1911 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/662d02a3602ca7cf3dffde0b7b444afe.jpg 31e764e0fc0743392209291937325594 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1330 Width 893 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/8f29200db0ecfffc1e6ae50ce133ba76.jpg ea480fa0571c44afcf01f618588b5b89 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. 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Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1328 Width 889 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Alberta Home Maker Description An account of the resource Produced by the Social Credit Women’s Auxiliaries of Alberta, probably around 1947, this book features some Alberta notables, including “Veal Albertan,” “Alberta Stuffed Breast of Veal,” and “Baked Alberta Ham.” The recipe for “Creamed Roast of Elk” came from a resident of Dorenlee, south of Camrose. The book also includes a recipe for “Holiday Delight” from Mrs. Ernest Manning (the Premier’s wife), as well as some Ukrainian specialties, including “Perishki” (a kind of stuffed bun) and “Koatua” (a sweet porridge made of wheat grains). “Matrimonial Cake” (also known as date squares) makes an appearance, as does “Scripture Cake,” for which the recipe was deciphered by finding the appropriate Bible passages. This rich cake included almonds, figs, raisins, spices, honey, and yeast. While the book is mostly apolitical, “Debt-Free Fruit Cake” points clearly to Social Credit policies, which emphasized that all citizens share in jointly produced wealth. The Social Credit Party was first elected to government in Alberta in 1935 and remained in power until 1971. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Social Credit Women's Auxiliaries of Alberta Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived With permission from the Alberta Social Credit Party. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1947?] https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/274de36ed35fbeac5d531b026da1ad91.jpg a63b5be02de125a0448e5add5c589698 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1193 Width 1542 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Granary of the British Empire: The Western Provinces of Canada: Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia Description An account of the resource The cover illustration for this brochure depicts a masculine cowboy surveying his domain, lush with crops, new farming equipment, and domestic bliss. Noting that as of 1913, only about 10 million of the 170 million acres of potential wheat land in the West were under cultivation, the brochure encouraged settlers to take advantage of Western Canada’s rich soil and ability to grow “hard” wheat—that is, wheat with a high protein content, excellent for bread. Statistics emphasized increasing farm values, livestock numbers, and grain yields, but “King Wheat,” declared to be “the basis of all civilized existence,” drove the settlement of the Canadian West. As this booklet declares, “the potential wealth of the rich soil of Western Canada has attracted from all quarters of the globe men and women tired of the impoverished surroundings which are the unfortunate complement of many of the populous centres of modern civilization, and anxious, while there is yet time, to secure to themselves and their families a share of the prosperity which the boundless West holds in store for those who seek it.” Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Canadian Pacific Railway Company Department of Natural Resources Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1914] https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/ea2917412557b5abfbdf68cee157cc94.jpg ebc6b08edd8d6bccba4ddf8797e3683c Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 730 Width 518 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/a17c48ff4acdfe290d76f11e1561d01d.jpg a0fb7b1afd6962d0f168618a21e5ec8a Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 750 Width 1001 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/9d6c527637dff4ae5670300dad18d3d8.jpg dc2eb8d7aa8a35de146d5f0f2bf44cdd Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 747 Width 999 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/22ef3ef21a9c724bf20f7756a099aa47.jpg fe6b44c960365bd4f1e0c388cadcb3f6 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1161 Width 769 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Canadian Boy Scout Diary Description An account of the resource This 1935 diary features a cover portrait of Lord Baden-Powell, who founded the Boy Scouts in 1907 largely as a response to his experiences in the Boer War. Emphasizing wilderness survival, early scouting guides included tips on tracking, pathfinding, building shelters, and keeping oneself healthy. Proper and safe camp cooking was particularly stressed, as illustrated by the Scout Food Purity Tests for preventing food poisoning. This guide also reflects a fascination with anthropometrics, with spaces for height, weight, and measurement information. In addition to helping in uniform fitting, this information also served as a measure of health and fitness. Today, the Personal Fitness Merit Badge from the Boy Scouts of America requires arm, shoulder, chest, abdomen, and thigh measurements (Boy Scouts of America), and the Boy Scouts of America has come under criticism for instilling BMI standards for high-adventure activities (Garfinkle). This book also illustrates the Boy Scouts’ and Scouts Canada’s early connection to food companies. Scouts could order a free Klim recipe guide in the mail, for example. Similarly, the Kellogg Company produced A Manual of Cooking for Boy Scouts (c. 1949?) in the United States. It featured recipes for All-Bran muffins and pancakes, for example, as well as Rice Krispies brittle and other treats. While some recipes used conventional cups and tablespoon measurements, others also included a novel alternative in the form of “Handfuls” and “Fingers” (12). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boy Scouts Association of Canada Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived With permission from Scouts Canada. Final image from Kellogg Company, A Manual of Cooking for Boy Scouts, [1940s?]. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935