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                <text>[1890]&#13;
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                <text>&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;These views of Portree, Scotland, are reproduced by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/collotype" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;collotype&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;, a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://psap.library.illinois.edu/collection-id-guide/photomechanical" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;photomechanical process&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;developed in the mid-nineteenth century that allowed photographic negatives to be printed with ink on paper. &lt;/span&gt;Collotypes&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; provided a way to print photographs within the pages of books alongside text, instead of pasting in individual photographs, but it was a laborious and expensive process.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The photographs collected in &lt;i&gt;Views of Portree &lt;/i&gt;provide a souvenir of this place and contribute to the “&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/memory-and-identity"&gt;imagined geographies&lt;/a&gt;” of Portree&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;—much like the album &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3056"&gt;&lt;i&gt;CPR 1887&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; contributes to the imagined geography of Canada. Notice, too, the similarities between these views of Portree and &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3052"&gt;Gilpin’s picturesque drawings&lt;/a&gt; from a century earlier.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This album is one of the many &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/memory-and-identity/1900-to-1969/souvenir-books"&gt;souvenir books&lt;/a&gt; included in this exhibition.</text>
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                <text>Souvenir of My Trip through the Canadian Rockies on the CPR </text>
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                <text>1915&#13;
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                <text>This souvenir book promoted travel on the Canadian Pacific Railway in the early-twentieth century by featuring &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3147"&gt;sublime landscapes&lt;/a&gt; alongside modern conveniences like trains and luxury hotels (such as the CPR Banff Springs Hotel). The cover artwork is particularly striking, recalling some of the commercial designs created by members of the &lt;a href="https://www.gallery.ca/magazine/exhibitions/the-group-of-seven-and-graphic-design" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Group of Seven&lt;/a&gt; around the same time, such as A. Y. Jackson's &lt;a href="https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/chung/chungosgr/items/1.0216282" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Bon Echo Inn on the Mazinawe Lakes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>Jindřich Štyrský (photographer)&#13;
Jaromír Funke (photographer)&#13;
Jan Lauschmann (photographer)&#13;
Jaroslav Rösler (photographer)&#13;
František Drtikol (photographer)&#13;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This series of postcards from the collection of the Museum of Decorative Arts in Prague provides a striking example of the transition from &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/works-of-art/1900-to-1950"&gt;Pictorialism&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; towards&lt;/span&gt; straight photography&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; among twentieth-century photographers. The postcards were issued in 1973 to accompany the exhibition &lt;em&gt;Personalities of Czech Photography&lt;/em&gt;, and feature work by Czech photographers of the 1920s and 1930s such as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://tallisphotography.weebly.com/jindrich-styrsky.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Jindrich Styrsky&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://www.idnes.cz/kultura/vytvarne-umeni/jiri-jenicek-se-dockal-prvni-samostatne-vystavy.A010831_095623_vytvarneum_kne" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Jiří &lt;/span&gt;Jeníček&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/artists/1717/jaromir-funke-czech-1896-1945/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Jaromír&amp;nbsp;Funke&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/constituents/jan-lauschmann?all/all/all/all/0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Jan Lauschmann&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/artists/1645/jaroslav-rossler-czech-1902-1990/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Jaroslav&amp;nbsp;Rössler&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/artists/1484/frantiek-drtikol-czech-1883-1961/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Frantisek Drtikol&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many of these postcards offer unique perspectives by playing with the light, shadows, and geometric forms found in city streets. The city is familiar yet also made strange due to these unique perspectives, calling to mind &lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phsr/hd_phsr.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Surrealist photographers&lt;/a&gt;, some of whom were inspired by French photographer &lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/atgt/hd_atgt.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Eugène Atget&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>This presentation album was created to commemorate a Canadian Pacific Railway investors' trip across Canada, and was published by Canadian photographic studio &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3154"&gt;William Notman &amp;amp; Son&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The album provides an example of &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObveSq3cMkw" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;albumen prints&lt;/a&gt; created using the &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnxT4WQsLLM" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;wet collodion process&lt;/a&gt;. The photographers responsible for these images would have travelled across the landscapes pictured here carrying their supply of glass plate negatives and a full darkroom, due to the necessity of preparing and developing wet plates on location. Once the photographs were printed on albumen paper, they had to be individually pasted onto each page of the album.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Photographs like these ones played a role in shaping the ways that the Canadian West was imagined, and provide a good example of what photo historian Joan Schwartz calls "&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/memory-and-identity"&gt;imagined geographies&lt;/a&gt;." This album turns the spaces of Canada into an imagined place&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;and, for the specific purposes of this album&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;one that was intended to please investors in the railway.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;As you consider the kind of “imagined geographies” that these photographs both build on and contribute to, consider additional &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/memory-and-identity/1900-to-1969/souvenir-books"&gt;souvenir albums&lt;/a&gt; of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Western Canadian landscape included in this exhibition. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;What arguments do these photographs make and how do they encourage us to imagine and remember these places?&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This album forms part of the Prairie Roots Collection at Bruce Peel Special Collections, supported by the Prairie Roots Endowment Fund (gift of Ralph and Gay Young).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This album contains a collection of portraits in the format of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;cartes-de-visite &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;and cabinet cards.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.gallery.ca/photo-blog/collecting-cards-cartes-de-visite" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;carte-de-visite&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;was introduced in the 1850s by French photographer André-Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri. Since Disdéri depended on the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnxT4WQsLLM&amp;amp;feature=emb_title" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;wet collodion process&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; to create the portraits he sold at his Paris studio, exposing one plate required a significant amount of labour. An astute businessman, Disdéri came up with a new photographic format that would allow him to print eight full-length portraits with just one exposure by using a four-lens camera and sliding plate. The portraits were printed on &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObveSq3cMkw" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;albumen paper&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;, a type of light-sensitive paper made with a coating of egg whites that allowed for a smooth surface. After printing, the portraits wer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;e mounted on cardboard and cut to produce eight distinct portraits.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://blog.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk/find-out-when-a-photo-was-taken-identify-a-cabinet-card/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Cabinet cards&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; are similar in format to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;cartes-de-visite&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;, with an albumen print mounted on cardboard, but they are larger in size.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This album brings together&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; cartes-de-visite&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; of scientists, mostly entomologists, and was collected as part of Bruce Peel Special Collection’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://bpsc.library.ualberta.ca/collections/dr-ronald-b-madge-entomology-collection" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Dr Ronald B. Madge Entomology Collection&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;. While photography can record an individual’s likeness and provide information about their identity, it also leads us to consider how the work of collecting photographs and organizing them into an album helps shape and communicate information about the identity of the album’s compiler. Another &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3128"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;portrait album&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; housed by the Peel library contains pictures of actresses, singers, and dancers, and provides a feminine counterpoint to the portraits of men collected here.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Portrait of A.C. Rankin and His Brother Playing Lacrosse</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This portrait of two boys playing lacrosse is both a photograph and a painting, created by applying paint to a photograph. The portrait was produced by William Notman’s studio, which had artists on staff to transform photographs like this one into works of fine art. This family portrait points towards the twentieth-century tradition of &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/memory-and-identity/1900-to-1969/snapshot-albums"&gt;family snapshots&lt;/a&gt;. However, due to its large size &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;and painted surface, the result is less like a family snapshot and more like an elite portrait painting, comparable to Thomas Gainborough’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/thomas-gainsborough-the-painters-daughters-chasing-a-butterfly" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;The Painter’s Daughters Chasing a Butterfly&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; (1759).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This example demonstrates one way that photography could serve as a “humble servant” of art, as &lt;a href="https://iconicphotos.wordpress.com/2010/10/30/on-photography/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Charles Baudelaire&lt;/a&gt; suggested in 1859, and of the concern&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;—also articulated by Baudelaire—that photography’s dependence on realism would stifle the artist’s imagination.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/william-notman/biography/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;William Notman&lt;/a&gt; opened his first photographic studio in 1856 in Montreal, and later expanded to additional cities in Canada. His studios attracted an elite clientele, and h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;is 1865 publication &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3154"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Portraits of British Americans&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;highlights some of the well-known figures who had their photographs taken by Notman’s firm.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>1792&#13;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Willia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;m Gilpin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Observations, Relative Chiefly to Picturesque Beauty &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;instructed readers in how to enjoy the landscapes of England’s Lake District, and was illustrated with &lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/aqtn/hd_aqtn.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;aquatints&lt;/a&gt; (a type of &lt;a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/e/etching" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;etching&lt;/a&gt;) based on Gilpin's drawings. &lt;a href="https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/william-gilpin" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Gilpin&lt;/a&gt; encouraged his readers to create sketches from nature and to tweak what they saw in order to create &lt;/span&gt;picturesque drawings&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;. Gilpin described the &lt;a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/p/picturesque" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;picturesque&lt;/a&gt; as a type of view that offered a middleground between the peacefulness of a beautiful landscape and the thrill of a &lt;a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/s/sublime" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;sublime landscape&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Gilpin’s popularization of sketching &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/features/what-is-the-picturesque-" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;picturesque scenery&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; played a role in William Henry Fox Talbot's &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.sfmoma.org/watch/sun-pictures-henry-fox-talbot-and-first-photographs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;discovery of photography&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;. It was when he was sketching the picturesque landscape of Italy that Talbot grew frustrated, and began imagining how much easier life could be if nature could just imprint itself onto a piece of paper.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many of the landscape views that would be created photographically in the centuries to come followed the formula of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;picturesque scenery popularized by Gilpin. &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3060"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Views of Portree&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; offers an excellent example; some of its views seem to come straight out of Gilpin's sketchbooks. Some albums and &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/memory-and-identity/1900-to-1969/souvenir-books"&gt;souvenir books&lt;/a&gt; focus on &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3147"&gt;sublime landscapes&lt;/a&gt;, while others include &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3148"&gt;both conventions side by side&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;A full scan of Gilpin’s book is available through the &lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924104095298/page/n6/mode/2up" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Otis Dump Cars </text>
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                <text>[1910]&#13;
8.4 x 14.0 cm&#13;
TF 479 O85 1910</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This pamphlet for Otis dump cars provides an example of the promotional uses of photography in the early-twentieth century. It also calls to mind some of the more mundane uses of photography, which were taken up and parodied by conceptual artists in the later twentieth century. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;The NE Thing Company’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3140"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Portfolio of Piles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; for example, builds on the function and aesthetic of corporate publications like this one.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Bruce Peel Special Collections houses both the published pamphlet and the original photographs on which the printed images were based. Considered on their own, the photographs resemble the &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3151"&gt;Modernist aesthetic&lt;/a&gt; taken up by photographers in the early-twentieth century.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>L. H. Valette (photographer)&#13;
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J. H. Harvey Pirie (photographer)&#13;
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9.6 x 14.5 cm&#13;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Life in the Antarctic: Photographs by the Scottish Antarctic Expedition &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;includes a prefatory note explaining that “the illustrations in this little book are all reproductions of genuine photographs from life, taken by the &lt;a href="https://www.gla.ac.uk/myglasgow/library/files/special/exhibns/month/apr2004.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Leader and Staff of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition&lt;/a&gt;, during the voyage of the ‘Scotia,’ 1902-1904.” The note goes on to explain that the photographs “were taken under conditions of climate which make photography extremely difficult and often impossible” and “they are not touched up in any way.”&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Life in the Antarctic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; was published by Gowans &amp;amp; Gray as part of their series of Gowans’s Nature Books, and was intended for a general audience. A full scan of the book is available through the &lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/lifeinantarctics00bruc/page/n5/mode/2up" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;, though it is missing the colourful artwork featured on the cover of the volume held by Bruce Peel Special Collections. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/reportonscientif05scot" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Reports of the scientific results of the expedition&lt;/a&gt; were published by the Scottish Oceanographical Laboratory in multiple volumes, some of which also included photographs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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