<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/items/browse?tags=portrait&amp;output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-10-10T04:29:42-06:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>1</pageNumber>
      <perPage>10</perPage>
      <totalResults>34</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="3154" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="4253" order="1">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/0df3d206bc397bc7d5295eb93cad25c9.jpg</src>
        <authentication>58c79ebc809dcc386aeccf144575e350</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4254" order="2">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/b75986fe5684699027904b05d91597ed.jpg</src>
        <authentication>f8d1223b5f7003e019b4da43f532db50</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4255" order="3">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/02fc3bfc88a745623c69a95e1cb21143.jpg</src>
        <authentication>31b6727ce9a293330457c951b2b7069e</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4256" order="4">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/88c8ef29c782237fbbb2ff87340b39b0.jpg</src>
        <authentication>1f82f1b1ac402e6078f85b0132b2eb8f</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4257" order="5">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/797db424f8a2ce65d6af65a07a4cac7c.jpg</src>
        <authentication>9d451f842d8a649ad077b57be0d649e4</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4258" order="6">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/76071babee5da8ea1fb2343128ea1bf1.jpg</src>
        <authentication>b58cfbc77a25014577826da34508aa98</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4533" order="7">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/043ac25acef7bfc8e1de331da18d01ba.jpg</src>
        <authentication>8b27137d3cb57b1833ddb292e731f447</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4259" order="8">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/95ce697dfdeef9d3c79a5d7cc8a804c5.jpg</src>
        <authentication>a7162b2d08d3b2edd8462371ca337f54</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="24">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37060">
                  <text>Photographies</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37407">
                <text>Portraits of British Americans</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37408">
                <text>Fennings Taylor (author) &#13;
William Notman (photographer)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37409">
                <text>1865&#13;
21.0 x 14.5 cm&#13;
FC 25 T228 1865</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37510">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Portraits of British Americans&lt;/em&gt; demonstrates some of the challenges of circulating knowledge through photographs in the mid-nineteenth century. Though these &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObveSq3cMkw" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;albumen prints&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;could be mass-produced, each print had to be individually pasted onto the page in order to combine it with text in the form of an illustrated book.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This book was published by the photographer &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/william-notman/biography/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;William Notman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;, who ran a successful photographic firm based in Montreal, with branches in several other cities in Eastern Canada and the United States. Notman was an aggressive entrepreneur, and this volume likely functioned as a promotional tool for his portraits, which made up the bulk of his business. Notman’s elegant studio, use of artistic backdrops, and innovative printing techniques drew an elite clientele, who would have been drawn to the idea of joining the ranks of eminent British Americans by having a portrait taken by the “photographer to the Queen,” a title that Notman secured in 1860. The &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3053"&gt;portrait of A. C. Rankin and his brother&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;provides an example of a particularly lavish portrait produced by Notman’s studio.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Many of the photographs of Western Canada included in this exhibition were taken by Notman’s photographic firm, such as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3056"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;CPR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;1887&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3148"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Photographs of the Canadian Rockies, Fraser River, Yellowstone Park, etc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, and contributed to&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; an &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/memory-and-identity"&gt;imagined geography&lt;/a&gt; of Canada. With these other photographs in mind, consider what this volume and its photographs suggest about the identity of British Americans.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A full scan of this book is available through the &lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/portraitsofbriti01tayluoft/page/n4/mode/2up" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="14">
        <name>portrait</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="270">
        <name>William Notman</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3131" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="4060" order="1">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/8087943c154d0ad585cabcc4fc109a18.jpg</src>
        <authentication>5bd60ffa5d01ef4bb94e9cf7099bf1a7</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4064" order="2">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/3f3e3fe8053f85bc6762d2035b754327.jpg</src>
        <authentication>95377700cfddba2ad579ca5a357266bf</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4063" order="3">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/776d0028b0e7b8e4b05d1ab3fdcb12e5.jpg</src>
        <authentication>b6a2a290ec5613cbcf7ef877047185e6</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4061" order="4">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/c699cb619bad83e3adfaff61571506c2.jpg</src>
        <authentication>b0cdd1568064abc5d552169b6da51288</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4062" order="5">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/59b1e39e1e4b11f498c6cec1dba2dc5d.jpg</src>
        <authentication>2ba09cb8840e102071b0ac951a575fa2</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4065" order="6">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/15523b2c0cd9ab9d207502f5a52b0ab5.jpg</src>
        <authentication>2ae4523469dee7bbc6667d7fef2a9d5e</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4066" order="7">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/e431cfd0580725fb0dd56a34ce46e289.jpg</src>
        <authentication>e6c268fce3a46f5e822a884d9f691b66</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="24">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37060">
                  <text>Photographies</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37325">
                <text>Tintypes from the Magee Album</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37326">
                <text>undated&#13;
26.6 x 21.0 cm&#13;
in cataloguing queue</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37485">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://asc.ucalgary.ca/photohistory/tintypes/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Tintypes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; were made possible with the introduction of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnxT4WQsLLM" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;wet collodion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. In the case of the tintype, the exposure is made on a thin sheet of metal with the result that&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; the tones are reversed to create a positive image. Like the &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3125"&gt;daguerreotype&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href="https://blog.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk/find-out-when-a-photo-was-taken-identify-ferrotype-tintype/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;tintype&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;is a direct positive image&lt;/span&gt;—&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;there is no negative, and it therefore exists as a single, unique object.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Because they are thin and light (unlike the daguerreotype), as well as durable, tintypes could be easily sent to loved ones through the mail. Many of the tintypes that survive today were portraits taken and circulated as mementoes.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;The tintypes shown here were gathered together into an album that has a back cover decorated with colourful clippings. The album forms part of the &lt;a href="http://peel.library.ualberta.ca/magee.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Magee Photograph Collection&lt;/a&gt;, along with &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3132"&gt;another album&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in this exhibition that features cyanotypes and postcards&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37622">
                <text>photographer unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="14">
        <name>portrait</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3128" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="4032" order="1">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/0247aa8262606889e31fa86dc8886a91.jpg</src>
        <authentication>0389ca986c020abb4ed586c0102d16b5</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4031" order="2">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/f4f9d748ca9e8597c4a0f4d784c20ffe.jpg</src>
        <authentication>ac7e36eb52032a232429a57b6a827e70</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4028" order="3">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/9f84a013c24bd459baa40e26f6c7f275.jpg</src>
        <authentication>00bb3810bfdae5c3aa4257194b901780</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4037" order="4">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/2548f4877706a4e5daa20687397ae9c4.jpg</src>
        <authentication>1f363547a96ff8ef464a28d4bce75d36</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4040" order="5">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/8201a645b6d626f85b439119e46a03b1.jpg</src>
        <authentication>2f72963caa3dd234e0353fd62cd67f46</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4043" order="6">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/0486a196bf14cd4a72f7889d757843cb.jpg</src>
        <authentication>9abc4963685247b0005f53dfefff2822</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4041" order="8">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/8e09ae3bc1f056b1acffdc4dd8313bc1.jpg</src>
        <authentication>0c3a517b92f792f7882a3814c989d128</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4038" order="9">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/ed3e02190ad7d15bbd3f46e06dc2ae93.jpg</src>
        <authentication>81004072ba99e3f73cbe63d7effcf080</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4029" order="10">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/adbb30ce6feb04a2a4ba1604cfdf412e.jpg</src>
        <authentication>3f4b74c47fcf5d2c9c7ec47c720e69d3</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4030" order="11">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/5622cc931a02bed35510df3de2df1afc.jpg</src>
        <authentication>aef8ede46b625b9203895837af2551db</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4039" order="12">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/7a99ff0544c290e8afc440a5e1638ba6.jpg</src>
        <authentication>6a18c086c50413ab3e5455ec7caa3eb9</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4036" order="13">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/853f47eb43a634e5f40b2fa9aed0c458.jpg</src>
        <authentication>2d2d14cbf7de2940f9e6f09cb6c96881</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4033" order="14">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/97161e05f4691f1bcfe84c9a9593c532.jpg</src>
        <authentication>fc57fd839e62ebcc3536b7bdd356f386</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4034" order="15">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/8a318edd62110c65cabaf93fcfa15272.jpg</src>
        <authentication>963d1afa9e69f66441be80520aef0db4</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4035" order="16">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/2eaa62b14b6e7c24f1076996ae8e4a42.jpg</src>
        <authentication>5fff7842639217826a8da5bbb741f36e</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="24">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37060">
                  <text>Photographies</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37319">
                <text>Portrait Album</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37320">
                <text>1870&#13;
30.5 x 23.0 cm&#13;
PN 2205 A34</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37480">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This album of portraits features actresses, singers, and dancers, demonstrating the growing popularity of celebrity photographs. Emerging technologies and formats such as the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnxT4WQsLLM" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;wet collodion process&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; and the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3055"&gt;carte-de-visite&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;format made mass reproduction of such celebrity portraits possible.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Though portraits often rely on a basic formula, the aesthetics of photographic portraits can vary considerably. Some photographic studios prioritized quick and efficient picture-taking, while others&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;such as the studio of French photographer &lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nadr/hd_nadr.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Nadar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;were known for their artful compositions. Some of the most well-known celebrity portraits of the nineteenth century are those that Nadar made of &lt;a href="https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/39489/nadar-gaspard-felix-tournachon-paul-nadar-sarah-bernhardt-french-negative-about-1864-print-about-1924-/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Sarah Bernhardt&lt;/a&gt;. Nadar was known for creating unique portraits that appeared to express the personalities of his subjects, much like some of the portraits in this album.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to considering what the individual photographs in this album suggest about the identities of their subjects, consider what the album as a whole might tell us about the identity of the person who collected and arranged these photographs. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37625">
                <text>photographers unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="269">
        <name>carte-de-visite</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="14">
        <name>portrait</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3127" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="4026">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/c45e5784c3c09df35637f49c0e0a34c4.jpg</src>
        <authentication>18a1a69d253f07279f1c3d9fc71dbc2e</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4466">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/ebad106b7246dec0f7781585672200d3.jpeg</src>
        <authentication>f46e1d01d8bee303cf83858e00044613</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="24">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37060">
                  <text>Photographies</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37317">
                <text>Portrait of a Baseball Player</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37318">
                <text>[1931]&#13;
14.6 x 9.5 cm&#13;
in cataloguing queue</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37479">
                <text>&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This portrait of a baseball player from Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, reminds us of the continued value of professional photography in the &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/memory-and-identity/1900-to-1969/snapshot-albums"&gt;Kodak era&lt;/a&gt;. This portrait came with a special frame that protected the picture when it was tucked away and folded back to proudly display the photograph.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37626">
                <text>photographer unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="14">
        <name>portrait</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3125" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="4015" order="1">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/48c70c50156027468fb6f9b6bd532294.JPG</src>
        <authentication>5c3d50dd831f42809e891e9420402622</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4016" order="2">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/97f19f3adaf0e2d33e1f025365d8e84b.JPG</src>
        <authentication>75716290541bac8d5c6267ff1ab1d8d3</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4457" order="3">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/f2edba27be73ae8f97bc6398b822967f.jpeg</src>
        <authentication>a0dea0ed2cff127db20433d9c1d0c377</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4013" order="4">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/482ceaccba155c8f8b4f854d1eff814e.JPG</src>
        <authentication>2744910480ce3cf5573b456f7b9c442a</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4018" order="5">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/70ab04d103dbc9fa5ea3dea1a8f2597a.JPG</src>
        <authentication>9a8882015a81660bbaddf0113d955610</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4017" order="6">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/09698fdc2ae526132a53875e197b440d.JPG</src>
        <authentication>f1654a0522eec46138d1bd6249338b90</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4014" order="7">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/59d1ce054225636ef94bec37ab76791d.JPG</src>
        <authentication>7a9dfa0c194bafc368855b34fe635249</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4458" order="8">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/c5b028e2a257db5a76b729d0442cd600.JPG</src>
        <authentication>9214c7112a66513c34f0dc7d3f716dd2</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4459" order="9">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/30d79afcfef6d12f9fd40fa355ca59ff.JPG</src>
        <authentication>b332629a48d44d500399837fc6c7955a</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="24">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37060">
                  <text>Photographies</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37313">
                <text>Daguerreotype of Mrs Morrow</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37314">
                <text>[1850]&#13;
9.0 x 8.0 x 1.4 cm&#13;
in cataloguing queue</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37478">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This portrait of Mrs Morrow provides an example of one of the first successful photographic technologies: the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://blog.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk/find-out-when-a-photo-was-taken-identify-daguerreotype-photography/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;daguerreotype&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;. The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPkJicTLonA&amp;amp;list=PLH_FfjHEuvR5U0Ur8rB35fezQ1yZkShMk&amp;amp;index=3" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;daguerreotype process&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;created a single positive image on a metal plate&lt;/span&gt;—meaning that there was &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;no negative and no possibility for further reproduction. A &lt;/span&gt;daguerreotype&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; is a unique and precious material object, and therefore quite different from the technologies of photography that we know today.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Daguerreotype exposures took a long time, with the precise amount of time depending on the available light. Sitting for a photograph was an arduous process, as the &lt;a href="https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/55519" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;French caricaturist Honoré Daumier has shown&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;which is why it is rare to find smiling faces in early photographs.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;A print published in December 1839 in Paris entitled “&lt;a href="https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/46529/theodore-maurisset-la-daguerreotypomanie-daguerreotypomania-french-december-1839/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;La Daguerreotypomanie&lt;/a&gt;” (Daguerreotypomania)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; dramatizes the excitement that ensued following the announcement of Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre and his partner Nicéphore Niépce’s discovery. The artist, Théodore Maurisset, visualizes streams of people lining up to get their portraits taken. The excitement surrounding the daguerreotype stemmed at least in part from its accessibility in comparison to painted portraits.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Mrs Morrow might never have expected to have her portrait painted in her lifetime. We do not know who she was, but that her likeness survives into the present offers proof that her identity was important to someone, and worth preserving. To consider how the possibility of creating photographic portraits shaped memory and identity, compare this &lt;/span&gt;portrait&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; of Mrs Morrow to &lt;/span&gt;chromolithographic portraits&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;of the &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3032"&gt;Emperor and Princess of Prussia&lt;/a&gt;, published in 1855.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Another photographic process was developed around the same time as the &lt;/span&gt;daguerreotype&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; by &lt;a href="https://www.sfmoma.org/watch/sun-pictures-henry-fox-talbot-and-first-photographs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;William Henry Fox Talbot&lt;/a&gt; in Britain. The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2zXypdzB8A&amp;amp;list=PLH_FfjHEuvR5U0Ur8rB35fezQ1yZkShMk&amp;amp;index=3" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;calotype&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; did produce a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://kodakdigitizing.com/blogs/news/history-of-negative-photography" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;negative&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;, and therefore had the potential to create endless copies, but the resulting image was not as clear as that of the &lt;/span&gt;daguerreotype&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;. To compare the &lt;/span&gt;daguerreotype&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; to the &lt;/span&gt;calotype&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;, consider Mrs Morrow’s portrait side by side with the work of Scottish photographers &lt;a href="https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/features/hill-adamson" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;David Octavius Hill and Robert Adamson&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37628">
                <text>photographer unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="14">
        <name>portrait</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3104" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="3925">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/bafaf2dbdfcaf4cc6925c8c3ef9a2d1e.jpg</src>
        <authentication>bf67cd09028ea0580e56c96f1d75aad5</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="24">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37060">
                  <text>Photographies</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37232">
                <text>Group Portrait </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37233">
                <text>1892&#13;
22.7 x 27.0 cm&#13;
FC 106 C5 C46</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37472">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This group portrait, printed on &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObveSq3cMkw" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;albumen paper&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;, was taken inside the first Chinese church in Victoria, BC. The act of taking group portraits like this one and the sharing of the resulting prints may have contributed to the construction of collective cultural identities in turn-of-the-century Victoria. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;The black page on which the photograph is mounted suggests that the picture was originally included in an album, but it now stands on its own within Bruce Peel Special Collections as part of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://bpsc.library.ualberta.ca/collections/chinese-experience-in-canada" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://bpsc.library.ualberta.ca/collections/chinese-experience-in-canada&amp;amp;source=gmail&amp;amp;ust=1619041375707000&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNGNN3GwrNQkyIUCRVDvMQ62lQ9-aw" rel="noopener"&gt;Chinese Experience in Canada Collection&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other examples of group portraits in the exhibition include a &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3065"&gt;portrait of plumbers and steamfitters&lt;/a&gt;, and a &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3098"&gt;portrait of a graduating class&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="14">
        <name>portrait</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3100" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="3908">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/915f0580e01b74f63850e46f8e0d02b4.jpg</src>
        <authentication>905bff0d4d3d4a0301d998b9d08364f9</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="3909">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/a972238ab42c8590cee3a07089b2d64c.jpg</src>
        <authentication>847205b1261eb96218fe0941ab4975c9</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="24">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37060">
                  <text>Photographies</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37226">
                <text>Head Tax Certificate</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37468">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/CollectionSearch/Pages/record.aspx?app=fonandcol&amp;amp;IdNumber=161424" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Head tax certificates&lt;/a&gt;, as they came to be known, include photographs that attempt to fix identity in place. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;The text that accompanies the photographic portrait categorizes the subject as a legal immigrant, showing that the head tax required by Canada's discriminatory &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Chinese Immigration Act was paid&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;. Since only Chinese immigrants to Canada were required to pay a tax, the certificate also &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;signals the tenuous nature of the subject’s status. &lt;/span&gt;This certificate forms part of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://bpsc.library.ualberta.ca/collections/chinese-experience-in-canada" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://bpsc.library.ualberta.ca/collections/chinese-experience-in-canada&amp;amp;source=gmail&amp;amp;ust=1619041375707000&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNGNN3GwrNQkyIUCRVDvMQ62lQ9-aw" rel="noopener"&gt;Chinese Experience in Canada Collection&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;housed in Bruce Peel Special Collections. &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;For more information about the Chinese Immigration Act, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;span&gt; visit the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://humanrights.ca/story/the-chinese-head-tax-and-the-chinese-exclusion-act" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Canadian Museum for Human Rights&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Certificates like this one bring to mind the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3102"&gt;burden of representation&lt;/a&gt;" described by art historian John Tagg, as well as photography theorist &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://cargocollective.com/AriellaAzoulay/The-civil-contract-of-photography" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Ariella Azoulay&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;’s discussions of the role of photographs in both authorizing and denying citizenship. Azoulay calls attention to stateless people who have been excluded from official photographic records that fix their identities as citizens. In contrast, other forms of photography&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;including the works of activists, artists, and photojournalists (such as in the case of &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3164"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Fight against Apartheid!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;can serve as powerful appeals for the restoration of citizenship.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37642">
                <text>photographer unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37643">
                <text>1913&#13;
17.0 x 23.5 cm&#13;
FC 106 C5 C46 (Box 9 File 39)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="14">
        <name>portrait</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3098" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="3901">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/5d146d2824e4593ad6632b6ee66efd90.jpg</src>
        <authentication>c930eac9e36ebdfd35373e3a7cbd0f93</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="3902">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/7f830abdfa909e2a4b687e8db078aeaf.jpg</src>
        <authentication>0efd40399008a76e56a8890444ec607b</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="24">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37060">
                  <text>Photographies</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37222">
                <text>Normal Class</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37223">
                <text>1922&#13;
18.6 x 24.2 cm&#13;
FC 3234.2 P732 PE000839</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37466">
                <text>This group portrait of a graduating class in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, brings together 49 individual portraits, mostly sharing the same oval shape and similar poses, facing forward or turned slightly to the side. The similarities between them, and the regular rows in which they are arranged, suggest that this group of disparate individuals share in a collective identity. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This approach to the group portrait, where many individual portraits are assembled together, differs from the &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3065"&gt;portrait of plumbers and steamfitters&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3104"&gt;portrait of members of the first Chinese church in Victoria, BC&lt;/a&gt; included in this exhibition. In the two latter examples,&lt;/span&gt; the photographs document moments when groups of people had gathered together in one place.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;This album is part of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://bpsc.library.ualberta.ca/collections/prairie-ephemera" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Prairie Ephemera Collection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;housed in Bruce Peel Special Collections.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37645">
                <text>photographer unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="14">
        <name>portrait</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3065" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="3794">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/5d4c26d277a5c55dccddb21c7019b5c8.jpg</src>
        <authentication>ae2ee4db9e8ef26ece4013f401fe8722</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="3795">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/edbbdab0d5361423d7005ddc86184e40.jpg</src>
        <authentication>6c538b1527eec1d2326ef90322be86a6</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4532">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/29452cd0d999966f7791f99df69c072e.jpg</src>
        <authentication>012ad4fbc1b9bd16b460e70aa745e386</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="24">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37060">
                  <text>Photographies</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37091">
                <text>Plumbers and Steamfitters</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37092">
                <text>photographer unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37093">
                <text>1926&#13;
16.6 x 82.6 cm&#13;
FC 3234.2 P732 PE000419</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37457">
                <text>This group portrait of plumbers and steamfitters was taken during a picnic held at Shouldice Park in Calgary in July of 1926. The portrait was printed as one single print, in contrast to some &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3042"&gt;panoramic photographs&lt;/a&gt; that were created by putting multiple prints together.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Other examples of group portraits in the exhibition include a &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3104"&gt;portrait of members of &lt;span&gt;the first Chinese church in Victoria, BC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, and a &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3098"&gt;portrait of a graduating class&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;This album is part of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://bpsc.library.ualberta.ca/collections/prairie-ephemera" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Prairie Ephemera Collection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;housed in Bruce Peel Special Collections.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="14">
        <name>portrait</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3055" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="3733" order="1">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/63bfc904491c13f72e43c063005b2c3b.jpg</src>
        <authentication>312c0b5e66369f50dfc4fa6d76040ac0</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4422" order="2">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/af31c9c7fe3a545c5a7d8a30ca88e75e.jpeg</src>
        <authentication>d5947063162cb0555a5f0ab4f5f7ec26</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="3734" order="3">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/5dafa932c69e50a12a755ae8c2ca1daf.jpg</src>
        <authentication>7fdf330f761869aa08da5d95b68cc402</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4423" order="4">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/2c5a274318344cfb1dfc2686db03aae4.jpeg</src>
        <authentication>b6890ba7a296830a1d51b832a6158370</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="4424" order="5">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/2593401a6118a6a67f2217aed87da67e.jpeg</src>
        <authentication>81a6b5157aa71c0bbe7f398cf0e3c485</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="3738" order="6">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/aa38ac244238aef917308b777eb9c57a.jpg</src>
        <authentication>8930051e915bcb2669040ffd91d9d289</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="3739" order="7">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/c9f746a703d6ab92faf0d06d45576627.jpg</src>
        <authentication>8c05704c5851fd6edf8a91c55fb49708</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="3737" order="8">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/fe4535e2fe7669b6a3ab94015c4a0be5.jpg</src>
        <authentication>39bbaaaceae4cc673acfdbc8f9d57baf</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="3735" order="9">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/872be9c3fc5e4e76e63fdf13c0ccf863.jpg</src>
        <authentication>20c8fd4afcd6d35cd9c0e4cd647dfc4f</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="3736" order="10">
        <src>https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/7035a5a339cf2833e089808e40c84065.jpg</src>
        <authentication>07fc7d477bbba2fb21449c799351bc58</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="24">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37060">
                  <text>Photographies</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37065">
                <text>Portrait Album</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37066">
                <text>Deconclois (photographer)&#13;
Randall (photographer)&#13;
B. Boake (photographer)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37067">
                <text>[1880-1890]&#13;
23.0 x 19.6 cm&#13;
QL 26 E58 1880</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37388">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This album contains a collection of portraits in the format of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;cartes-de-visite &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;and cabinet cards.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.gallery.ca/photo-blog/collecting-cards-cartes-de-visite" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;carte-de-visite&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;was introduced in the 1850s by French photographer André-Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri. Since Disdéri depended on the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnxT4WQsLLM&amp;amp;feature=emb_title" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;wet collodion process&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; to create the portraits he sold at his Paris studio, exposing one plate required a significant amount of labour. An astute businessman, Disdéri came up with a new photographic format that would allow him to print eight full-length portraits with just one exposure by using a four-lens camera and sliding plate. The portraits were printed on &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObveSq3cMkw" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;albumen paper&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;, a type of light-sensitive paper made with a coating of egg whites that allowed for a smooth surface. After printing, the portraits wer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;e mounted on cardboard and cut to produce eight distinct portraits.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://blog.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk/find-out-when-a-photo-was-taken-identify-a-cabinet-card/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Cabinet cards&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; are similar in format to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;cartes-de-visite&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;, with an albumen print mounted on cardboard, but they are larger in size.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This album brings together&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; cartes-de-visite&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; of scientists, mostly entomologists, and was collected as part of Bruce Peel Special Collection’s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://bpsc.library.ualberta.ca/collections/dr-ronald-b-madge-entomology-collection" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Dr Ronald B. Madge Entomology Collection&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;. While photography can record an individual’s likeness and provide information about their identity, it also leads us to consider how the work of collecting photographs and organizing them into an album helps shape and communicate information about the identity of the album’s compiler. Another &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3128"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;portrait album&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; housed by the Peel library contains pictures of actresses, singers, and dancers, and provides a feminine counterpoint to the portraits of men collected here.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="269">
        <name>carte-de-visite</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="268">
        <name>entomology</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="14">
        <name>portrait</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
