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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This album of original photographs offers a view of India as seen through a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://archive.artic.edu/stieglitz/pictorialism/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Pictorialist&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; lens. The photographer, who was a visitor to India in 1900, plays with composition and focus to soften the appearance of the photographs, differentiating this album from the&amp;nbsp;typical &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/memory-and-identity/1900-to-1969/snapshot-albums"&gt;snapshot albums&lt;/a&gt; that began to proliferate around this time. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Here, the romantic haze of the Pictorialist style contributes to the view of India circulated by this album. Another example of the Pictorialist approach can be found in Edward Curtis's &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3155"&gt;The North American&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3155"&gt; &lt;em&gt;Indian&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; which aimed to document the Indigenous peoples of North America in the early-twentieth century, and often did so through a hazy, romanticized lens.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/digital/collection/msiartifact/id/85/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Cigarette albums&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; offer a different model for ways in which words and photographs could come together in a single volume. Albums like this one were sold with printed text and blank spaces for photographs; album owners would send in coupons that came with their packets of cigarettes to receive photographs to fill the blank spaces.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;This &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/digital/collection/msiartifact/id/85/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;cigarette album&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; commemorates the 1936 Olympic Games, held in Berlin and in the Bavarian ski town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Cigarette albums like this one were sold with printed text and blank spaces for photographs; album owners would send in coupons that came with packets of cigarettes to receive photographs to paste into the album’s pages. In this example, the album's owner is invited to create their own personal memento from photographs of a current, public event.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A full scan of this album is available through the &lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/dieolympischensp1401ciga/mode/2up" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Another &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3142"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;German cigarette album&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt; housed in Bruce Peel Special Collections celebrates the life of Adolf Hitler.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;First Over Everest: The Houston-Mount Everest Expedition 1933 &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;brings together the technologies of aviation and photography to exert a sense of control over a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3147"&gt;sublime landscape&lt;/a&gt;. The book’s photographic illustrations demonstrate photography’s usefulness for circulating knowledge. At the same time, the variety of ways the photographs are manipulated within the book's pages suggest an effort to experiment with methods of producing meaning with photographic images. Examine the book’s different forms of photography, and consider which ones are most useful for circulating knowledge.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A full scan of the book is available through the &lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.208096/page/n7/mode/2up" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Though portraits often rely on a basic formula, the aesthetics of photographic portraits can vary considerably. Some photographic studios prioritized quick and efficient picture-taking, while others&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;such as the studio of French photographer &lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nadr/hd_nadr.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Nadar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;were known for their artful compositions. Some of the most well-known celebrity portraits of the nineteenth century are those that Nadar made of &lt;a href="https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/39489/nadar-gaspard-felix-tournachon-paul-nadar-sarah-bernhardt-french-negative-about-1864-print-about-1924-/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Sarah Bernhardt&lt;/a&gt;. Nadar was known for creating unique portraits that appeared to express the personalities of his subjects, much like some of the portraits in this album.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to considering what the individual photographs in this album suggest about the identities of their subjects, consider what the album as a whole might tell us about the identity of the person who collected and arranged these photographs. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This community cookbook hails from Quill Lake, east of Saskatoon. A number of community cookbooks in Saskatchewan were compiled by the Homemakers&amp;rsquo; Clubs, which were established in that province in 1911 and raised money for hospitals, libraries, community halls, and similar social infrastructure. Though they shunned overtly political causes, such clubs allowed women the ability to participate in shaping their communities; in 1916, they would be permitted to vote in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Elizabeth Driver notes in &lt;em&gt;Culinary Landmarks&lt;/em&gt; that the Quill Lake club, which was established in 1914, disbanded in 1971 (1027).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As its subheading suggests, this book offers a collection of recipes reflecting mixed cultural influences. Included are Mrs. W.H. King&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Raisin Dumplings,&amp;rdquo; Mrs. Axel Olson&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Julekake,&amp;rdquo; along with Mrs. Annie Zeebin&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Holopski&amp;rdquo;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;and an unattributed&lt;em&gt; &amp;ldquo;&lt;/em&gt;Conserves de Poisson&amp;rdquo; in French (with errors). At the same time, it incorporates recipes from as far away as Los Angeles and Louisiana, demonstrating American publishers&amp;rsquo; strong influence on the Canadian cooking scene. The book also contains recipes for&amp;nbsp;a number of poetically named cakes: &amp;ldquo;Windblown Cake,&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;Sunshine Cake,&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;Daffodil Cake,&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;Featherweight Cake&amp;rdquo; (the first three resemble angel food cakes), as well as Mrs. Harry Brown&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Wonder Pickle&amp;rdquo; (which contains red and green peppers besides cucumbers and onions). It was evidently a carefully used book, as it contains many handwritten corrections by an alert and skilled cook and baker.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Community cookbooks were often partially funded by advertising. Alongside those for flour, other household products, and beauty shops, this book contains ads for automobile and tractor dealerships, lumber companies, and agricultural fertilizers, as well as local insurance companies, dentists, shops, cafes, and theatres. Perhaps these suggest a broader readership; more likely, they are signs of community support and sponsorship, as well as women&amp;rsquo;s influence in decision-making for family purchases.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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