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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/CollectionSearch/Pages/record.aspx?app=fonandcol&amp;amp;IdNumber=161424" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Head tax certificates&lt;/a&gt;, as they came to be known, include photographs that attempt to fix identity in place. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;The text that accompanies the photographic portrait categorizes the subject as a legal immigrant, showing that the head tax required by Canada's discriminatory &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;Chinese Immigration Act was paid&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;. Since only Chinese immigrants to Canada were required to pay a tax, the certificate also &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;signals the tenuous nature of the subject’s status. &lt;/span&gt;This certificate forms part of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://bpsc.library.ualberta.ca/collections/chinese-experience-in-canada" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://bpsc.library.ualberta.ca/collections/chinese-experience-in-canada&amp;amp;source=gmail&amp;amp;ust=1619041375707000&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNGNN3GwrNQkyIUCRVDvMQ62lQ9-aw" rel="noopener"&gt;Chinese Experience in Canada Collection&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;housed in Bruce Peel Special Collections. &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;For more information about the Chinese Immigration Act, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;span&gt; visit the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://humanrights.ca/story/the-chinese-head-tax-and-the-chinese-exclusion-act" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Canadian Museum for Human Rights&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Certificates like this one bring to mind the "&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3102"&gt;burden of representation&lt;/a&gt;" described by art historian John Tagg, as well as photography theorist &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://cargocollective.com/AriellaAzoulay/The-civil-contract-of-photography" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Ariella Azoulay&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;’s discussions of the role of photographs in both authorizing and denying citizenship. Azoulay calls attention to stateless people who have been excluded from official photographic records that fix their identities as citizens. In contrast, other forms of photography&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;including the works of activists, artists, and photojournalists (such as in the case of &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3164"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Fight against Apartheid!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;can serve as powerful appeals for the restoration of citizenship.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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17.0 x 23.5 cm&#13;
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22.0 x 29.0 cm&#13;
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                <text>This group portrait of a graduating class in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, brings together 49 individual portraits, mostly sharing the same oval shape and similar poses, facing forward or turned slightly to the side. The similarities between them, and the regular rows in which they are arranged, suggest that this group of disparate individuals share in a collective identity. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This approach to the group portrait, where many individual portraits are assembled together, differs from the &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3065"&gt;portrait of plumbers and steamfitters&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3104"&gt;portrait of members of the first Chinese church in Victoria, BC&lt;/a&gt; included in this exhibition. In the two latter examples,&lt;/span&gt; the photographs document moments when groups of people had gathered together in one place.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;This album is part of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://bpsc.library.ualberta.ca/collections/prairie-ephemera" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Prairie Ephemera Collection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;housed in Bruce Peel Special Collections.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Pictures of Year Spent in Canada: Pipeline Construction in the NWT</text>
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                <text>This &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/memory-and-identity/1900-to-1969/snapshot-albums"&gt;snapshot album&lt;/a&gt; documents a year spent in Canada working on pipeline construction in the Northwest Territories. The album's compiler arranged the photographs by theme into neat grids.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://asc.ucalgary.ca/photohistory/photo-postcards/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Postcards&lt;/a&gt; grew in popularity in the early-twentieth century. Postcards offer an easy way to send pictures through the mail, and to communicate both visually—with the picture on the front of the card—and textually, with a short message hand-written on the back of the card. This album brings together a collection of postcards created from personal snapshots, though many twentieth-century postcards were mass produced. For some unique examples, look at "&lt;a href="https://www.printmag.com/post/greetings-from-the-brink-of-mutually-assured-destruction" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;atomic postcards&lt;/a&gt;" from the Cold War.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other postcards in this exhibition include an album of "&lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3134"&gt;Postal Souvenirs&lt;/a&gt;," a &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3132"&gt;postcard album&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3106"&gt;Souvenir of Holy Land&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/item/3043"&gt;Scenes from Kodachromes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;This album is part of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://bpsc.library.ualberta.ca/collections/prairie-ephemera" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Prairie Ephemera Collection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;housed in Bruce Peel Special Collections.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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FC3234.2 P732 PE001052</text>
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                <text>This album includes delightful cartoons on each of its pages. Of particular note are two cartoons that represent photographers in the act of taking pictures, each one drawn in red at the centre of the page. One of these figures is a woman holding a handheld camera up to her face, while the other figure stands next to a camera mounted on a tripod. The cartoons offer an acknowledgement of the presence of a photographer on the other side of the camera's lens, though there is no reason to believe that the drawings are intended to accurately represent the photographers responsible for the album's pictures.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;This album is part of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://bpsc.library.ualberta.ca/collections/prairie-ephemera" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Prairie Ephemera Collection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;housed in Bruce Peel Special Collections.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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28.0 x 38.0 cm&#13;
FC 3234.2 P732 PE001564 </text>
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                <text>One page of this personal album documents a day in 1939 when &lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://diamondjubileeproject.wordpress.com/2013/09/28/queen-elizabeth-i-and-king-george-vis-visit-to-alberta-in-1939-2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;King George VI and Queen Elizabeth visited Edmonton&lt;/a&gt; as part of their royal tour of Canada.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This album is part of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://bpsc.library.ualberta.ca/collections/prairie-ephemera" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Prairie Ephemera Collection&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;housed in Bruce Peel Special Collections.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>World War I Album</text>
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                <text>undated&#13;
18.0 x 28.5 cm&#13;
FC 3234.2 P782 PE001566</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This album includes photographs and objects. Particularly notable is the page that features a photograph of a church side-by-side with a piece of textile taken from the church altar. Both of these items have an &lt;a href="https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/exhibits/show/photograpies/what-is-photography"&gt;indexical&lt;/a&gt; relationship to the place that is represented, in the sense of offering a physical trace of the site.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;This album is part of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://bpsc.library.ualberta.ca/collections/prairie-ephemera" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Prairie Ephemera Collection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;housed in Bruce Peel Special Collections.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>photographer unknown</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Snapshots</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1921&#13;
17.5 x 29.5 cm&#13;
FC 3234.2 P732 PE000724</text>
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                <text>The photograph captioned "Cowgirl?" provides an example of how identities can be reimagined through photographs. In this example, a young woman challenges the gender stereotypes of the day by dressing up as a cowboy, just like the men posed in the pictures next to her. The photograph offers evidence that a woman can perform this identity and appear just as convincing as the men, but the caption, with its towering question mark, asks whether such an identity is really possible.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;This album is part of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://bpsc.library.ualberta.ca/collections/prairie-ephemera" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Prairie Ephemera Collection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; housed in Bruce Peel Special Collections.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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