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                <text>Chinaka addresses readers worrying about all-important examinations. His self-help pamphlet, &lt;em&gt;How to Study and Pass Examinations&lt;/em&gt;, shows that exams are not straightforward--the brightest students may score the worst and the dullest may score best. Instead, Chinaka argues that exams are like football, where practice, a cool head, and an understanding of exam tricks and techniques count more than raw intelligence. Most of Chinaka's 'tricks' ask readers to be neither under nor overconfident, to be sincerely interested in school material, and to read novels and newspapers. How to Study and Pass Examinations specifically recommends reading English materials in order to improve writing; mastery of English is the key to passing exams which are, in turn, the key to participating in high life modernity. The last half of the pamphlet devotes itself to examples of compositions (notably on citizenship, politics, and religion) and lists synonyms, proverbs, and possible composition topics. In addressing the modern anxieties of Nigerian students, Chinaka's pamphlet reveals the emphasis placed on Western-style education in 40s, 50s, and 60s Onitsha.</text>
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                <text>Chinaka's political pamphlet &lt;em&gt;The Life Story and Trial of Awolowo and 23 Others&lt;/em&gt; tells the story of Chief Obafemi Awolowo. Awolowo was the leader of the Action Group, a political party once active in Western Nigeria, and was integral in Nigeria's independence in 1960. Chinaka divides &lt;em&gt;The Life Story&lt;/em&gt; into three parts. First, Awolowo divulges the details of his childhood and education in first-person. Despite his initial ambivalence about school, Awolowo aggressively pursues education even after his father dies and leaves his immediate family a poor inheritance. Here, Awolowo is a sympathetic character. His thirst for education (his father's instills in him an ambition to be a clerk in Lagos) typifies the ambition and class mobility important in Nigeria's high-life modernity. Second, the pamphlet reproduces court records and newspaper articles about Awolowo, though the sources are not properly cited. Finally, the pamphlet ends with a play that dramatizes the tension between Awolowo and his accusers in court. Despite being a political pamphlet, &lt;em&gt;The Life Story&lt;/em&gt; seems ambivalent about Awolowo and his Action Group. The story of Awolowo's education and struggles as a child incite sympathy, but the rest of the pamphlet stays silent about Awolowo's guilt and doesn't vilify Judge Sowemimo (who sentenced Awolowo to ten years in jail).</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This elegantly designed menu from approximately 1928 features a delightful poem about the joys of riding on the Canadian National Railway. Much of it concerns food:&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;If you follow the magic carpet&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lsquo;Twill lead to a fairy car,&lt;br /&gt;Where all things good in the way of food&lt;br /&gt;Are served by the C.N.R. &lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;The chairs are right for they&amp;rsquo;re just your height,&lt;br /&gt;The bibs are of pink or blue,&lt;br /&gt;And smiling up from each plate and cup&lt;br /&gt;Are the nursery pictures too. &lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;A smiling chef in spotless white&lt;br /&gt;You&amp;rsquo;ll see as you pass through;&lt;br /&gt;His pots and pans are gleaming bright,&lt;br /&gt;He cooks the food for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;From model farms along the way&lt;br /&gt;Come daily fresh supplies&lt;br /&gt;Of vegetables, eggs and cream,&lt;br /&gt;For puddings, cakes and pies.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;I love to hear my Daddy say,&lt;br /&gt;When we go in to dine,&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Choose anything you like to-day;&lt;br /&gt;The children&amp;rsquo;s menu&amp;rsquo;s fine!&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Oh! a shining car is the dining car!&lt;br /&gt;And if I had &lt;em&gt;my&lt;/em&gt; way,&lt;br /&gt;Such a fairy treat of things to eat&lt;br /&gt;Would be served ten times a day!&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Railway travel might be a rare occasion for a child to dine out, and food was one of the glamorous highlights of a transcontinental railway trip for adults as well. This glamour had a Prairie connection: by the 1940s, both Canadian Pacific Railway and Canadian National Railway were using Medalta tableware, produced by Medalta Potteries in Medicine Hat (&amp;ldquo;Western Canadian History&amp;rdquo;). But dining-car fare was too expensive for many travellers, and restaurants soon sprang up at divisional points along the tracks, where passengers could hop off and swallow a quick meal (Duncan 117).&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Starting a Farm in the Bow River Valley, Southern Alberta, Canada. Winter Wheat and Alfalfa Farms in Southern Alberta</text>
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                <text>This attractive brochure emphasized the CPR&amp;rsquo;s three-million&amp;ndash;acre irrigation block, located east of Calgary. Begun in the 1890s during a period of dry years, the scheme involved a series of canals that brought water to farms in the region, acting as an insurance against the weather (see CPR, &lt;em&gt;Irrigation Project&lt;/em&gt;). Contrasting the vast potential of land-owning rural life with the oppression of renting a farm or laboring in the city, the brochure encouraged settlers to find their independence as farmers. Though the CPR professed that its principal intention was to raise funds by increasing railway traffic, the sale of the land, the cost of participating in the irrigation scheme, and the opportunity to purchase services such as breaking and fencing no doubt brought in a tidy profit as well. The brochure&amp;rsquo;s final pages offer a useful snapshot of food prices in the Calgary area around 1909, with soda biscuits selling at nine cents per pound, coffee at twenty-five cents per pound, and tinned beef at twenty cents per pound or thirty-five cents for two pounds.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;The Canadian Northern Railway grew swiftly from its creation in 1899 to its nationalization in 1918. In the same vein as the Grand Trunk&amp;rsquo;s &lt;em&gt;Bread: Terse Stories of Success&lt;/em&gt;, the company published &lt;em&gt;The Key to Prosperity in the Bread Basket of the World&lt;/em&gt;. &amp;ldquo;The Bread Basket of the World&amp;rdquo; was a common slogan among railway and land development companies promoting the West, evoking the Prairies&amp;rsquo; potential for bountiful harvests. This potential was realized when the land was seeded with Red Fife wheat, the first variety to flourish in Canada (Musgrave 146). Marquis wheat, developed in 1909 and exemplifying excellent yield, high-quality milling, and a shorter growing period of under one hundred days, was even more successful; by 1920 it was grown on about nine-tenths of total Prairie wheat acreage (Dexter 265).&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
Intended for an American readership, this brochure proclaims harvests of forty bushels per acre, declaring that &amp;ldquo;Canada is the only Country that has proved good enough for the American to emigrate to.&amp;rdquo; The brochure promises that immigrants would find no wild frontier&amp;mdash;only civilization&amp;mdash;and might hardly realize that they were in a different nation. In addition to social benefits, the booklet noted that the soil and weather were well suited for wheat, oats, barley, speltz (spelt), and peas, as well as grasses and fodders, with enough water for dairy farming. Root vegetables, potatoes, legumes, and small fruits were possible as well.</text>
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                <text>[1911?]</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>The Royal Alexandra Cook Book</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Edmonton’s Ladies Hospital Aid, founded in 1898, paid the initial $8000 cost of opening the 25-bed Edmonton Public Hospital in 1900 (Infofile). The cornerstone was laid in 1910 for a replacement hospital, which opened in 1912. This new building, featured on the cover page, was constructed in the English Revival Style and designed by Edmonton architect Roland Lines (Herzog). It was named for Alexandra, the wife of Edward VII. Cookbooks have been a consistent fundraiser for the Ladies Aid (later renamed the Auxiliary): they produced the Royal Alexandra Book of Household Science around 1928 and another fundraising book in 1989–90. The recipes in this 1912 book are extremely compact: perhaps the editors tried to save space in order to include recipes from as many contributors as possible, or maybe they assumed an experienced readership, knowledgeable in the processes of Prairie cookery. This book also picked up extra revenue through advertisements, including what appears to be embedded advertising for Capital Flour, perhaps a product of the Regina-based Capital Flour and Feed.</text>
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                <text>Ladies Hospital Aid of the Royal Alexandra Hospital</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;With permission from the Royal Alexandra Hospital Women's Auxiliary.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1912</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Culinaria</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Cook Book</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The Girl Guides were founded in Britain in 1909, with the first Canadian unit formed in St. Catharines, Ontario, in 1910. By 1912, there were units in every province (Girl Guides, “History”). The Wascana Girl Guides were based out of Regina, the same city that boasted the Girl Guide leader who, in 1927, first baked and packaged cookies for her guides to sell as a fundraiser (Girl Guides, “Cookie History”). This book is particularly notable for its charming, hand-drawn illustrations, as featured on the cover, as well as a recipe for “Elvis Cake,” which helps us to date the book to the 1960s. Indeed, the cover is inscribed with “Strong / 66,” indicating a possible year of publication; it is certainly newer than 1961, since an advertisement for “Queen City Glass” includes that as its date of establishment. The book is “dedicated to the members of the Wascana Girl Guides—8th Company, Regina, Sask.” and lists their names.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Wascana Guides Mother's Association</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28268">
                <text>&lt;em&gt;With permission from the Girl Guides of Canada, Saskatchewan Council.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>[1966?]</text>
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            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
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                    <text>3</text>
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                    <text>1206</text>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Culinaria</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="29132">
                  <text/>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Canadian Scout Handbook</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>According to the Scout Memorabilia Collectors of Canada, this edition of the &lt;em&gt;Canadian Scout Handbook &lt;/em&gt;was published in 1968. It is inscribed with the name of Cliff Lewis, who lived at 1813-17th St SW in Calgary in the early 1970s (&lt;em&gt;Henderson&amp;rsquo;s ... Calgary&lt;/em&gt;). Boy Scout groups were formed in Canada as early as 1907, and the Canadian General Council of the Boy Scout Association was incorporated by an Act of Parliament in 1914 (Scouts Canada). Camp cooking has always been a key component of scouting: a special Canadian edition of Lord Baden-Powell of Gilwell&amp;rsquo;s &lt;em&gt;Scouting for Boys&lt;/em&gt; noted that &amp;ldquo;the three B&amp;rsquo;s of life in camp are the ability to cook bannocks, beans, and bacon&amp;rdquo; (120). Laid on the ground, a Scout&amp;rsquo;s coat was a fine surface for mixing bannock dough, according to Lord Baden-Powell, while other Scouting books illustrate the process of skinning a rabbit. By the 1970s, Scout cooking was a somewhat tamer affair, with suggestions for cooking desserts, potatoes, and meats, including &amp;ldquo;Tarzan Steak&amp;rdquo; placed right on the coals. This book also has a miniature food guide, based on Canada&amp;rsquo;s 1961 Food Guide, prescribing four or more servings of milk, four or more fruits and vegetables (with one citrus fruit daily and dark green or yellow vegetables), two or more servings of meat, and four of more servings of bread products per day.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Boy Scouts of Canada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28302">
                <text>&lt;em&gt;With permission from Scouts Canada.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28303">
                <text>[1968?]</text>
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          </element>
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