30 10 1402 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/a0cb107f725914635187dc8b8ac17b2d.jpg a07b5a2820328911e6724b5628886617 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1288 Width 838 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/ba0927d131e13c0482a678438085b157.jpg cb7ca3433012b540d8936ac42da6390e Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1288 Width 1643 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/71e601db4e1a12d0a843c06813c81f9a.jpg 14e5be12b71f462473d5c2791286364f Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1288 Width 1626 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Trail Blazers: The Story of Burns & Co. Limited Description An account of the resource P. Burns and Co. was a large Prairie abattoir and packing-plant company. Established by Pat Burns in 1890 in Calgary, the company soon expanded to Vancouver and Edmonton, and changed its name to Burns and Co. in 1923. Though Burns and Co. specialized in meats and related products, their manufactures also included fruit, cheese, dairy, eggs, and animal feed. This brochure emphasizes that the products were made under the highest scientific standards, an important fact given chronic public skepticism about sanitation in packing plants. However, the brochure sidesteps questions about the workers, including the “girls” (in 1945, thirty per cent of packing-house employees were women [Chambers 10]) who test the eggs sent overseas to war-torn Britain. Edmonton packing workers set up an early union in 1937, but packing-house workers’ right to organize was not recognized until 1944, after the United Packinghouse Workers of America expanded to Canada (Chambers 7–8). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Burns and Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1942?] https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/c1f1f535463bf7f320b92fb48e2859c6.jpg cd55006e46e0a9bdfaa13bf55129ce56 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1078 Width 1622 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/4edbe72eb6bbe5a6341d18b4664bf270.jpg 6c88ee0698a8ce740d2a1d3180edcc55 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1076 Width 1621 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/b4d149a21ac16d25ad57be92dab45ab9.jpg fe9c32f02f242698508b63eec1790109 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. 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Title A name given to the resource Taylor's Calendar Cook Book Description An account of the resource Borrowed from an American almanac template and distributed to pharmacists across the continent, including Pingle’s in Medicine Hat and Tuthill’s in Toronto (Driver, Culinary 432), this book includes “Terms Used in French Menus Explained for the Benefit of the American Hostess,” astrological information, and a table of weights and measures for cooks not possessing a full complement of measuring cups or a kitchen scale. The link between pharmacists and cooks was not unusual: prior to the eighteenth century, foods were often understood in reference to the humoral system, and the suggestions of watermelon for epilepsy, figs for cancer, and peanuts for indigestion could easily have appeared in an earlier materia medica (e.g., Cullen) or medical text. Similarly, many pharmacists would carry spices and extracts, and some even mixed their own chemical leaveners (see “Improved,” for example). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Red Cross Pharmacy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1904 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/59e1e1c8c0b72c51d07c309aabef75b9.jpg 62a82df007b72789cece00469ef4a97e Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1240 Width 1525 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/d0c2d59c050e2e34b79c8ba4933f6cd9.jpg eface7180d0b680daa74d123923a0570 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 662 Width 1394 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/e942f56c37691fa84f313a859dfb9b28.jpg 5e6887f6fbf50f7a88f11f37b2a14ab4 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1216 Width 1510 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/0a492259b0af06f0978e80f53d54f895.jpg 05342495299eb5b26b556317459c6675 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1216 Width 1494 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peas in the Diet Description An account of the resource Elizabeth Driver notes that this booklet must date from at least 1928, when the Border Canning Company of British Columbia opened a new plant in Edmonton (Culinary 1114). A thousand acres of land were leased and seeded to supply the new plant, which produced Royal City brand peas, a label for which is tucked into the cover of the book. The text emphasizes the freshness and quality of the Royal City peas, as well as their vitamin content, which the commercial canning process, the company declared, preserved better than the home process. The specification of different sizes and qualities of peas and the statement that “the Canadian label law protects the consumer” point to relatively new developments in Canadian food legislation. While the first food grading in Canada was the Canada Fruit Marks Act in 1901 (Ferguson and Fraser 5), federal regulations in early 1928 established the size and quality grading seen here (“Regulations”). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Broder Canning Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1928?] https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/2ab6131324aaa5728026761be35bf43a.jpg b64258aa1c970784bc17cc70d1c8aa39 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1223 Width 810 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/bb67833f040ccc02877d9cd5e9ea6e6d.jpg c12c0f246d22ed52d641f80fbed1f05b Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1291 Width 1630 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/3b1e7872d9d570353f6898dc1b84f9ba.jpg 7ac365c4cb4e515bf74d124c50b7980d Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1227 Width 812 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/960bfcc57c509ba02f22234e74f6d00c.jpg 5b93452755bf77d7b86fc242e1a2eb5d Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1213 Width 776 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Das neue Nordwesten Kochbuch Description An account of the resource Dedicated to the German-Canadian housewife, this book bridges the gap between immigrant families and English-speaking Canadian society. The “Deutsch–englisches Wörter-Verzeichnis” (German–English Glossary) at the end of the book may have been especially helpful for items that the housewife might wish to order from the grocer. Despite being written in German, the book has an international flavour, with Russian, Italian, and even Chinese-inspired recipes. Though bears survive in only small numbers in Europe, and had not been spotted in Germany since the 1830s (Handwerk), “Roast Leg of Bear” appears in the cookbook—perhaps a nod to the Canadian wilderness? Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Publisher Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/582ae7f925dea99e912d4124070dc419.jpg 9e124d4b79ce27b90376ff66e3724e1d Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1128 Width 880 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/349017fc25f2fe51c17afd5103b27103.jpg d35f448aebb5b13886cd0b92b2a2bac4 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1119 Width 1563 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/3c23d18b420f1c461c9664f9c28a1ce2.jpg 11ead733554580a8a8a13f37e220ebb2 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1137 Width 1602 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/23bec8591deeaf8f8429d908ca4c9218.jpg e700b1adb887b6ed67231baceea3995d Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1118 Width 1585 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource How We Are Fed Description An account of the resource This reader, employed as a textbook in Alberta schools in the 1920s (“Alberta School”), creatively approaches geography lessons through the accessible medium of food. The author, James Chamberlain, writes, “The natural connecting link between the immediate surroundings and the outside world is the present daily life of the home,” a truism in a period when new modes of transportation made for faster and less expensive global trade. The Canadian reader might learn about the structures of communities and nations and the interdependence of individuals through topics as diverse as market gardening, fishing, rice, sugar, pasta, coffee and tea plantations, coconut and banana trees, dates, oranges, and nuts. Priorities and judgements of the period are clear in the book’s celebration of the scientific division of labour, as well as its separation of the “civilized” from the “uncivilized.” The discussion of restaurants is another reminder of an urbanizing landscape. This copy may have been used by a German-speaking student: she glosses “curdle” as gerinnen and translates “whey” as molke on the following page. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource James Franklin Chamberlain Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1923 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/8db27422c5fcb44ad28944f47f81230e.jpg 37d0cba71148ebe8b0c80082bc57429e Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1236 Width 854 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/85a213576d4652e7cf954bf5751c326e.jpg a0c076fb6f7cc190ff40c480ce3f425c Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1236 Width 794 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/defee8be85597d56b482bb77d1f38afd.jpg 3c5f5fff844deb0ca450a82b7a30c460 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1236 Width 1722 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/cef746dcb3ea72d66d4711c4d36065e1.jpg e90f228d27195b8765db50b172ad2d03 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1211 Width 821 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Way to a Man’s Heart Cook Book: A Collection of Recipes of Real Merit Description An account of the resource Featuring a plethora of brand-name foods, this cookbook is a snapshot of 1936 cookery. Recipes call for Eagle Brand or Borden’s condensed milk, Knox gelatin, Keen’s mustard, Sunkist oranges, Heinz ketchup and other sauces, Swans Down flour, Miracle yeast, Jell-O, Crisco, and Gillespie Maid, a local cereal produced by the Gillespie Grain Company from the 1920s to perhaps the late 1940s (Glenbow, “Oddments”). Food colouring was another novelty, recommend to dye the fruit in “Blushing Pear Salad,” for example. Another notable recipe is an inexpensive “Half-Pay Pudding,” and the book also includes a “Cocktails” page without alcohol. The advertisement for buying spices at the drug store illustrates a still-common practice in this period, and the book also includes an endorsement from a home economist encouraging the use of gas cooking in the home. Although Edmonton had natural gas as early as the 1920s (Atco Gas), the service was still relatively untried in this period. The Rebekah Lodge, which now admits both sexes, originated as the female auxiliary to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, allowing women to participate in the social and service components of the organization. In keeping with this service mandate, the book opens with a “Recipe for a Happy Day”: Take a little dash of cold water, A little leaven of prayer, A little bit of sunshine gold, Dissolved in morning air. Add to your meal some merriment, Add thought for kith and kin, And then as a prime ingredient Aplenty of work thrown in. Flavor it with the essence of love, And a little dash of play; Let the dear old Book, and a glance above Complete the well spent day. The title page also implies that good cooking is “The Way to a Man’s Heart.” Such additions and folk humour were common in community cookbooks, and would carry on in more recent publications like the Best of Bridge series from Calgary. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unity Rebekah Lodge, No. 26 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1936 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/a75bee2882d2093e6969c7fd89236a7e.jpg daf1cc25b108b07226c0c838a5125d31 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1596 Width 1198 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/56902a593fc3227684bccfae32697b55.jpg 9d8133dd4cf2d8e8688f90fea5006177 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1608 Width 2315 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/22d147fdd12daecb6e1bebf933399bd1.jpg a789e355cc5aac33243c6226177b01c5 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1608 Width 2315 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robin Hood Flour Cook Book: Recipes by Mrs. Rorer Description An account of the resource Francis Atherton Bean, owner of the International Milling Company, purchased a Moose Jaw flour mill in 1908 and renamed it Saskatchewan Flour Mills. Of the company’s four flour brands, Robin Hood, marketed for domestic use, soon became an iconic symbol of Canadian baking. This book, which took over two years and ten thousand dollars to make, specifically promoted the “Robin Hood” flour icon, setting the company apart from rivals like Five Roses. With American artist L. Moen commissioned to do the illustrations, the result was an art-nouveau and prairie-milling revision of a medieval classic (Driver, “Historical”). The “seven beautiful three-color process plates,” according to the introduction, were the first example of this printing technique in a Canadian cookbook, suggesting that this publication preceded the 1915 Five Roses Cook Book. Philadelphia-based Sarah Tyson Rorer, a noted home economist, editor, and cookbook author, was commissioned to write the book, and Elizabeth Driver points out Rorer's American bias in the notable shortage of recipes for English and French-Canadian specialties such as baked goods made with dried fruit, butter or maple sugar tarts, and doughnuts and other fried treats (“Historical”). But, recognizing that cooks do not rely on published recipes alone, this book also allowed space for women to write in their own additions. In this copy, inscribed as “Belonging to Kate Isabel (Ramsey) Leversedge (1873–1944), used 1917—,” the owner has included recipes for “Rhubarb Preserve,” “Raisin Bread,” and “Muffins,” attributed to women who were likely friends and neighbours. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sarah Tyson Heston Rorer and Robin Hood Mills Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1915?] https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/7650f39e64bc6c83c53d22a8eda81986.jpg ce8a26bf419abcfb59fc6172af9c5f1c Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. 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Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1066 Width 1532 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Little Cook-Book for a Little Girl Description An account of the resource Although this is an American cookbook, originating as a semi-literary series for Good Housekeeping, this particular copy belonged to Albertan Lilian Leversedge (1913–2001), perhaps the daughter of Anglican minister Walter Leversedge and his wife Kate Ramsey (Hills of Hope 121–27). Notably, the candy and dessert pages are well worn, while the recipe for broiled sardines is untouched. The handwritten recipe for maple fudge (containing no maple syrup, sugar, or extract) on the back page displays Leversedge’s juvenile hand, as well as the tendency for written-in recipes to be for desserts. The book includes early nods to prepared foods, including boxed gelatine and Baker’s brand chocolate, while “butter the size of a hickory nut” and “10 cents’ worth” of almonds might have meant little on the Canadian Prairies. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Caroline French Benton Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1905 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/35caf5b911603f863c608b1690d33079.jpg 878d1e26bcbb30a98c59cea32c516de1 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1239 Width 1572 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/c25b6d9f1d472db754c0c9b2d1edd5bc.jpg 1d9669e979fd7f2984c49847bc71d687 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1249 Width 1562 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vegetable Cook Book Description An account of the resource Elizabeth Driver points out that this book was one of two major vegetable company cookbooks to come out of Manitoba in the pre-1950 period; the other was produced by the A.E. McKenzie Co. (Culinary 923). The author of the McFayden book, Katharine Middleton, was at that time a Home Economics editor at the Winnipeg Tribune, as well as a popular speaker, radio host, and author. Scientific approaches take precedence here, with emphasis on minerals, vitamins, and proper digestion, in keeping with Middleton’s systematic education, both at the University of Manitoba and the Kahler Hospital in Rochester, Minnesota (Driver, Culinary 976). The farm home was another market for trends in dietetics and technology. Indeed, this 1948 edition, a revision of the original 1941 book, contains new information about freezing vegetables. Though not all of the plants advertised are good for human consumption (mangels, for example, are generally used as animal feed), the variety of vegetables (and fruits), including muskmelons and colourful varieties of squash, points to a diversity now largely lost. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Katharine Middleton and McFayden Seed Company Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 https://omeka.library.ualberta.ca/files/original/431f8c1a8c5b70f87f801309929e92bc.jpg a1c90f33c6b939be1bba27b2a50a8ab3 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. 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Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1089 Width 1441 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culinaria Description An account of the resource Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oleomargarine and its Relation to Canadian Economics Description An account of the resource Margarine was illegal in Canada from 1886 until 1917, when the ban was temporarily lifted to compensate for the shortage of butter during World War I. This brochure, published in March 1923, argued for a renewal of the ban, as margarine posed a hazard to the Canadian economy: Love, Secretary for the Alberta Dairymen’s Association, noted that 41.2 per cent of margarine sold in Canada between 1917 and 1922 was imported from the United States, to the detriment of Canadian industry. Love also argued in the terms of health and nutrition. He reported that margarine manufacturers used secret formulae and poor quality fats, and he referred the reader to The Newer Knowledge of Nutrition, by E.V. McCollum: “If the reader could only see the difference between the two rats pictured opposite page 88 .… Subsequent to weaning, one was given 1.5% butter-fat in its diet and presents a picture of normal growth and health; the other was given 5% bleached cottonseed oil (cottonseed oil is one of the principal materials used in the manufacture of Oleomargarine, especially the cheaper grades) and its growth had been badly stunted and, besides, it had suffered loss of hair and emaciation” (7). The rat, seen here in the page from McCollum’s book, was deficient in Vitamin A. Replacing butter with margarine would only further hurt quality of life for the Canadian worker. Upsettingly, Love also referred to a study done at a Jewish Orphanage in New York, in which some children were fed margarine instead of butter, resulting in overall weight loss. With both economic and social arguments, his brochure was designed to appeal to Conservative and Labour supporters alike. And Love would have his way: the ban on margarine resumed in 1923, encouraged in large part by arguments from the dairy lobby. Margarine was finally legalized in Canada in 1948. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource E.T. Love Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Two final images from E.V. McCollum, The Newer Knowledge of Nutrition, 1922. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1923